178 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 9 
minutely silky: context firm; latex white, unchanging, very acrid, not scanty; lamellae 
white, sometimes forked, densely crowded, somewhat decurrent, about 1mm. broad ; stipe 
white, equal or thickened below, glabrous, smooth, solid, 2.5cm. long, 6mm. thick: spores 
white, pip-shaped, smooth, 3-5 X 5-7 #. 
TYPE LOCALITY: England. 
Hasitat: On the ground in woods or in grassy places on the edge of woods. 
DISTRIBUTION: Connecticut to Alabama. 
ILLUSTRATION : Cooke, Brit. Fungi p/. 1194. 
II. Rusticanae. Pileus without a pellicle, never viscid, though moist in some species, 
glabrous to scabrous-hairy, always dark in color, varying from gray to brown or reddish- 
brown tinted with lilac, or sometimes dark-green : context compact ; Jamellae neither becom- 
ing darker nor pruinose with age; latex usually very acrid, white and unchanging, although 
the wounds sometimes change color. 
8. Lactaria rusticana (Scop. ) Burl. Mem. Torrey Club 14: 27. 1908. 
Agaricus rusticanus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2.2: 452. 1772. 
Agaricus pyrogalus Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. 487. 1809. 
Lactaria pyrogala Fries, Epicr. Myc. 339. 1838. 
Pileus fleshy, broadly convex, then plane to somewhat depressed, 3.5-6.5 cm. broad ; 
surface gray to livid-gray or brownish-gray, darker in the center, zoned toward the margin, 
moist in wet weather but not viscid, glabrous; margin glabrous, inrolled, then arched in 
mature specimens: context firm, thick, white, unchanging, poisonous; latex white, un- 
changing, very acrid; lamellae cream-colored to ochroleucous, rarely forking, distant, adnate, 
up to 5 mm. broad; stipe silver-gray, paler than the pileus, nearly equal, sometimes taper- 
ing downwards, glabrous, smooth, compact, 3-5 cm. long, 6-16 mm. thick: spores white, 
globose to subglobose, echinulate, greenish-hyaline, 6-6.5 6-8; cystidia transparent, 
16-20 long, 5-10» at the base, abruptly tapering. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Carniola. 
HasitTaT: On open grassy placesin woods. 
DISTRIBUTION : Vermont to Ohio and Maryland ; also in Europe. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Bull. Herb. Fr. A/. 529, f. 1; Gill. Champ. Fr. pl. 52 (162; 390); Krombh. 
“Abbild. pl. 14, f. 1-9 ; Lanzi, Funghi Mang. #1. 55, f. 2, a, 6, ¢, a. 
ExsiccaTI: Burl. Lact. N. Am. 10. 
9. Lactaria atroviridis Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State 
Mus. 42: 119. 1889, 
Pileus fleshy, nearly plane, soon depressed in the center, 6-10 cm. broad; surface oli- 
vaceous, azonate, dry, scabrous-hairy, sometimes cracking into small areas; margin invo- 
lute, at length spreading to uplifted: context compact, white; latex white, staining the 
lamellae green after some time, acrid; lamellae whitish, becoming mottled with green, 
especially where injured, sometimes forking near the stem, close, adnate to slightly decur- 
rent, rather narrow; stipe colored like the pileus or paler, spotted, equal, dry, glabrous, 
firm, soon hollow, 2-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick: spores creamy-white, subglobose, echinu- 
late, 7-8 in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: New York. 
HaBItTaT: Deciduous woods. 
DISTRIBUTION: New York to the District of Columbia. 
II. Torminosae. Pileus rather broad; margin inrolled at first and covered with long 
coarse tomentum which may be persistent or fugacious, surface whitish to yellowish, viscid 
when wet: context subcompact; latex white, unchanging, or changing to yellow, intensely 
acrid; lamellae neither becoming darker nor pruinose with age. : 
10. Lactaria torminosa (Schaeff.) Pers. Tent. Disp. Fung. 64. 1797. 
Agaricus torminosus Schaeff. Fung. Bavar. 4: 7 (index). 1774. 
Lactaria villosa Clements, Bot. Surv. Neb. 4: 20. 1896. 
Pileus fleshy, convex, depressed in the center, finally nearly infundibuliform, 4-10 cm. 
broad ; surface pale pinkish-yellow or pale-ochroleucous or ochraceous tinged with incarnate 
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