Parr 3, 1910] AGARICACEAE 191 
volute and pruinose at first, then spreading: context rather firm, white, odorless; latex 
white, unchanging, soon acrid; lamellae whitish to cream-colored, staining pale dull- 
greenish where wounded, some forking next the stipe, close, adnate to decurrent; stipe 
of the same color as the pileus or paler, equal, glabrous, stuffed, firm or spongy, 2.5-6 cm. 
long, 4-10 mm. thick: spores white, 7-8 # in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: New York. 
HasitaT: In moist places in woods or border of woods. 
DISTRIBUTION: Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey. 
ExsiccaTi: Burl. Lact. N. Am. 48, 
XIV. Helvae. Pileus varying from small to broad; margin involute at first and gla- 
brous except when the pileus is downy, spreading ; surface bay-red to fulvous, fulvous- 
isabelline, and testaceous, dry, varying from velvety to flocculose, floccose-squamulose, or 
squamulose, at least at first: context rather thin, from firm to lax; latex white or watery, 
unchanging, mild to subacrid ; lamellae becoming darker and pruinose with age. 
In the species which are silky or tomentose at first the surface becomes nearly or quite 
glabrous as the pileus matures. This is especially true with Lactaria rufa, which is soon 
glabrous and shining. 
46. Lactaria helva Fries, Epicr. Myc. 347. 1838. 
Agaricus helvus Fries, Syst. Myce. 1: 72. 1821. 
Lactaria aquiflua Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 28: 50. 1876. 
Lactaria aquifiua brevissima Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 51: 298. 1898. 
Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane to depressed, subumbonate, 5-15 cm. broad ; surface 
testaceous to isabelline, expallent, azonate, dry, the whole surface broken up into floccose- 
granulose squamules, sometimes rivulose; margin involute at first, then spreading: con- 
text fragile, paler than the surface, having a sweet odor which persists in the dried plant, 
edible ; latex white, or more often watery, mild to subacrid; lamellae white, then tinged, 
with incarnate, finally yellow, often forking, close, decurrent, 2-3 mm. broad ; stipe pale- 
testaceous, equal, pruinose, pubescent at the base, stuffed, then hollow, 5-8 cm. long, 1 
cm. or more thick : spores globose, echinulate, hyaline, 6-7 # in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe. 
HABITAT: In mossy, rather wet woods or marshes. 
DISTRIBUTION : Maine to Ontario and Pennsylvania, and probably in North Carolina; also in 
Europe. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Bres. Fungi Trid. p/. 39, 127; Cooke, Brit. Fungi p/. 994. 
Exsiccatr: Burl, Lact. N. Am. 29; Sydow, Myc. Mar. 2719. 
47. Lactaria alpina Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 27: 96. 1875. 
Pileus fleshy, thin, convex, then plane or depressed in the center, sometimes papillate, 
1.5-4 cm. broad; surface fulvous to fulvous-isabelline, azonate, dry, minutely squamulose, 
especially toward the center; margin involute, then merely arched, even, naked: context 
rather lax, fragile; latex white, unchanging, acrid; lamellae pallid, then yellowish and 
pruinose, seldom forking, close, thin, decurrent, narrow; stipe of the same color as the 
pileus, or slightly paler, equal, dry, glabrous, stuffed, becoming hollow, 2-5 cm. long, 3-5 
mm. thick: spores white, globose, echinulate, 6.5-8 # in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: New York. 
HasitaT: Borders of woods. 
DISTRIBUTION: From Vermont and New York south to Alabama. 
ExsiccaTr: Burl. Lact. N. Am. 32. 
48. Lactaria Peckii Burl. Mem. Torrey Club 14: 76. 1908. 
Pileus fleshy, broadly convex, becoming depressed in the center, sometimes umbonate, 
5-15 cm. broad ; surface latericeous to reddish terra-cotta, zoned -with darker tones, fading 
with age, dry, covered with a short tomentum somewhat like the pile on plush, at length 
nearly glabrous in the center and sometimes areolate; margin involute for some time then 
merely arched, sometimes flexuous in old plants, at first striate with darker streaks: con- 
text firm, tinted with terra-cotta; latex white, unchanging, astringent, then very acrid, 
abundant ; lamellae pale-buff, soon becoming tinged with mineral-brown and reflecting buff 
