192 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLuME 9 
in one light and mineral-brown in another, finally becoming madder-brown, mostly entire, 
close, decurrent by a tooth, 3 mm. broad; stipe dull pale reddish terra-cotta, usually paler 
than the pileus, sometimes spotted with reddish-brown, becoming darker where bruised, 
nearly equal or abruptly smaller at the base, glabrous or with a whitish bloom, firm stuffed, 
becoming hollow, up to 4.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick: spores whitish, subglobose, strongly 
echinulate, 7-8 # in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Pisgah Forest, North Carolina. . 7 
HapitaT: In moist grassy wood-trails and open places near brooks, in deciduous woods, oak 
and chestnut predominating. . 
DISTRIBUTION: Long Island and Staten Island, New York; North Carolina and Alabama. 
ILLUSTRATION: Mem. Torrey Club 14: 77. f. 13. 
ExsiccaTi: Burl. Lact. N. Am. 30. 
49. Lactaria rufa (Scop.) Fries, Epicr. Myc. 347. 1838. 
Agaricus rufus Scop. Fl. Carn. ed. 2.2: 451. 1772. 
Pileus fleshy, rather thin, convex, umbonate, at length infundibuliform, 5-10 cm. 
broad ; surface bay-red to rufous, not fading, azonate, dry, minutely flocculose-silky, then 
glabrous and shining; margin involute at first, whitish-downy, then glabrous: context not 
very compact, pallid or tinged with pink, odorless, very poisonous; latex white, unchang- 
ing, very acrid; lamellae ochraceous, then rufous, sometimes forking, close, somewhat de- 
current, 3 mm. broad; stipe rufous, but often paler than the pileus, nearly equal, dry, gla- 
brous, or sometimes pruinose and downy at the base, stuffed, firm, at length sometimes 
hollow, 5-10 cm. long, 6-10 mm. thick: spores white, subglobose to broadly elliptic, 
slightly echinulate, 7-8 # in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Carniola. 
HABITAT: In swamps or wet places in woods. 
DISTRIBUTION : Vermont, New York, and Michigan ; also in Europe. . 
ILLustraTions: Cooke, Brit. Fungi fl. 985; E. & P. Nat. Pfl. U¥*: f 110 A; Fries, Sv. Aetl. 
Svamp. f/. 11; Gill. Champ. Fr. ~/. 163 (391); Hussey, Ill. Brit. Myc. 1: pl. 15 ; Krombh. Abbild. 
pl. 39, f. 12-15 ; Lucand, Champ. Fr. pl. 227; Paulet & Lév. Ic. Champ. p/. 22 (as Hypophyllum 
torminosum) ; Bull. Soc. Myce. Fr. 7: p1.2, 7.3; Richon & Roze, Atl. Champ. pl. 37, f. 16-19. 
Exsiccati: Herpell, Prap. Hutpilze 108; P. Karst. Fungi Fenn. 226; Krieger, Fungi Sax. 
480 ; Sydow, Myc. Mar. 609, 2720. 
50. Lactaria rufula Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 34: 346. 1907. 
Pileus fleshy, broadly convex, becoming somewhat infundibuliform, without an umbo, 
5-10 cm. broad; surface brownish-red, azonate, dry, apparently glabrous: context firm; 
latex white, unchanging, acrid; lamellae pinkish-yellow, becoming darker and pruinose 
with age, close, adnate; stipe colored like the pileus but paler, equal or slightly tapering 
upwards, sometimes with a root-like extension, often with yellowish-brown strigose hairs 
at the base, stuffed, 4-8 cm. long, 5-6 mm. thick: spores creamy-white, globose, verrucu- 
lose, 8-10 in diameter. 
“TYPE LOCALITY: California. 
HasitaT: In rich soil and leaf-mold under trees. 
DISTRIBUTION : California. 
XV. Griseae. Pileus small; margin involute at first; surface varying in color from 
ash-gray to nearly black, dry, minutely pubescent or tomentose, sometimes becoming floc- 
cose-squamulose, or in dried specimens appearing merely roughened: context rather firm 
at first, sometimes becoming lax; latex white, unchanging, acrid or tardily acrid ; lamellae 
becoming darker with age, and more or less pruinose. 
51. Lactaria grisea Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State 
Cab. 23: 119. 1872. 
Pileus fleshy, rather thin, broadly convex, papillate, then depressed in the center, or 
at length infundibuliform with or without a papilla, 1-5 em. broad; surface varying from 
slate-gray to smoke-gray, becoming yellowish with age, azonate, dry, minutely tomentose, 
becoming floccose-tomentose, sometimes apparently squamulose to the naked eye; margin 
involute, then spreading, entire: context firm at first, then lax, white, not aromatic; 
