194 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VoLUME 9 
XVI. Plinthogalae. Pileus rather broad; margin involute at first, then spreading and 
even or flexuous; surface varying in color from dark-brown to smoky-brown, or putty- 
colored, dry, pruinose to velvety: context rather firm; latex salmon-colored or white, 
either unchanging or changing to salmon-pink or yellow, at least where in contact with the 
flesh, varying from mild to acrid; lamellae becoming darker and pruinose with age. 
55. Lactaria plinthogala (Otto) Burl. Mem. Torrey 
Club 14: 84. 1908. 
Agaricus azoniles Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. 497. 1809. Probably not Lactaria azonites Gill. 
Agaricus plinthogalus Otto, Versich Agar. 75. 1816. 
Agaricus fuliginosus Fries, Syst. Myc. 1:73. 1821. 
Lactaria fuliginosa Fries, Epicr. Myc. 348. 1838. 
Lactaria fumosa Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 24: 74. 1872. 
Lactariella azonites Schrét. Krypt.-Fl. Schles. 31: 544. 1889. 
Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane, sometimes with a small umbo, depressed in the 
center; then subinfundibuliform, 2-6.5 cm. broad; surface raw-umber to dingy yellow- 
brown (café au lait), snuff-brown, or putty-colored to pallid, usually darker in the center 
and at first, then fading, dry, glabrous, but covered with a bloom, very smooth, sometimes 
wrinkled in the center when mature; margin entire or wavy: context white, changing to 
reddish or salmon where exposed to the air; latex white, rarely changing color except where 
in contact with the broken flesh, where it becomes salmon-pink, tardily acrid; lamellae 
nearly white at first, then maize-yellow, becoming pinkish or salmon where wounded, 
pruinose, sometimes forking near the stipe, and sometitnes connected with vein-like reticu- 
lations, subdistant, adnate or slightly decurrent, about 5 mm. broad; stipe of the same color 
as the pileus, often whitish at the base, nearly equal or tapering downwards, glabrous, 
pruinose, stuffed but firm, then hollow, 5-7 cm. long, 6-12 mm. thick: spores yellow, 
mostly globular, echinulate, 6.5-10 in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Europe. 
HasitaT: In deciduous or mixed woods. 
DISTRIBUTION: Maine to Alabama ; also in Europe. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Atk. Stud. Am. Fungi /. 717; G. Bernard, Champ. Rochelle p/. 38, f.3; 
Britz. Hymen. Stidb. Lact. 7. 33%, #; Bull. Herb. Fr. pl. 567, f. 3; Cooke, Brit. Fungi pl. 996 ; Gill. 
Champ. Fr. p2. 165 (384) ; Harzer, Abbild. Pilze pl. 19; Krombh. Abbild. Al. 14, f. 10-12 (f. 12 very 
poor) ; Noulet & Dassier, Traité Champ. pi. 18, f. B.; Pat. Tab. Fung. 2. 322. 
EXSICCATI: Burl. Lact. N. Am. 36; Herpell, Prap. Hutpilze 2. 
56. Lactaria ligniota Fries, Monogr. Hymen. Suec. 2: 177. 1863. 
Laciaria fuliginosa major Fries, Epicr. Myc. 348. 1838. 
Lactariella igniota Schrét. Krypt.-Fl. Schles. 31: 544. 1889. 
Pileus fleshy, convex, then plane to slightly depressed, umbonate, often wrinkled in 
the center, 3-8 cm. broad; surface dark-brown, azonate, dry, pruinose-velvety; margin 
sometimes plicate: context rather firm, white, becoming pinkish or salmon where wounded ; 
latex white, changing to salmon-pink where in contact with the broken flesh, mild or finally 
slightly acrid ; lamellae white or ochraceous, becoming pinkish or salmon where wounded, 
not crowded, of various lengths, decurrent, about 5 mm. broad; stipe of the same color as 
the pileus, equal or abruptly smaller and plicate at the apex, smooth, pruinose-velvety, 
stuffed, up to 8 cm. long and 12 mm. thick: spores yellowish, globose, echinulate, 9-10 
in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Sweden. 
HaBitaT: On the ground in mossy wet woods, especially fir. 
EE : vot and New York to North Carolina. 
LLUSTRATIONS: Atk. Stud. Am. F if. 116; i ii es 
Hymen, pl. 171, f. 1. ungi /- U6; Britz. Hymen. Siidb. Lact. /. 4; Fries, Ic. 
Exsrccatr: Burl. Lact. N. Am. 37. 
57. Lactaria Sumstinei Peck, Bull. Torrey Club 32: 78. 1905. 
Pileus fleshy, rather thin, convex, soon depressed in the center, 2.5-7.5 cm. broad; 
sutface grayish to putty-colored, azonate, dry, glabrous, smooth or with wrinkles radiate 
from the center; margin involute, then arched or spreading, glabrous: context firm 
