234 NORTH AMERICAN FLORA [VOLUME 9 
Pileus thin, convex, then becoming plane to depressed, 2.5-6 cm. broad; surface pale-red 
or rosy, sometimes white from the first and sometimes fading to white, viscid when moist, 
polished, with separable pellicle, glabrous; margin thin, striate tuberculate: context white, not 
red next to the pellicle, fragile, very acrid, without special odor; lamellae pure-white, equal, 
adnexed, ventricose, thin, close, sometimes uneven on the edges, stipe white, equal, spongy 
within, then hollow, 2-4 em. long, 0.5-1 cm. thick: spores white, subglobose, echinulate, 
8 X 8-104. 
TYPE LocaLity: Europe. 
Hasitat: On the ground in woods. . 
DISTRIBUTION: From Maine to Alabama and in the central! United States; also in Europe. 
ILLUSTRATIONS: Barla, Champ. Nice 1. 14, f. 10-12; Bull. Herb. Fr. pl. 509, f. T-U; Cooke, 
Brit. Fungi ol. 1091; Gill. Champ. Fr. pl. 189 (613); Lanzi, Funghi Mang. fl. 47, f. 2; Ricken, Blat- 
terp. Deutschl. 1. 19, f. 3. 
109. Russula emetica (Schaeff.) Pers. Obs. Myc. 1: 100. 1796. 
Agaricus emeticus Schaeff. Fung. Bavar. 4: Ind. 9. 1774. 
Agaricus sylvaticus Lam. Fl. Fr. 1: 106. 1778. 
Amanita rubra Lam. Encye. 1:105. 1783. 
Pileus fleshy, convex to plane or depressed, 5-10 cm. broad; surface rosy, soon blood-red, 
then fulvous or sometimes ocbroleucous or entirely white, viscid when wet, shining, with 
separable pellicle, glabrous; margin striate-tuberculate to sulcate: context red next to the 
pellicle, otherwise white, acrid, without special odor; lamellae pure-white, equal, free or slightly 
adnexed, broad, subdistant; stipe white or reddish, subequal, spongy to solid, firm, elastic, 
even, 4-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. thick: spores globose, echinulate, 8-10 » in diameter. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Bavaria. 
Hasitat: On the ground in woods or on rotten logs. 
In.ustrations: Atk. Stud. Am. Fungi 91. 40, f. 4; Fries, Sv. Aetl. Svamp. pl. 21; Barla, Champ. 
Nice gl. 14, f. 4-9; Bel, Champ. Tarn pl. 25; Bernard, Champ. Roch. pi. 40, f. 3; Boyer, Champ. 
Comest. pl. 34; Bres. Fung. Trid. pl. 73; Cooke, Brit. Fungi #1. 1030; Dufour, Atl. Champ. #1. 28, 
no. 63; Gill. Champ. Fr. pl. 188 (610); Leuba, Champ. Comest. pl. 26, f. 5-7; Mycologia 4: pl. 76, 
f.3; Richon & Roze, Atl. Champ. #1. 48, f. 1-3; Roques, Hist. Champ. #l. 11, f. 1-2; Schaeff. Fung. 
Bavar. pl. 15, f. 4-6; Rep. Sec. Agr. U. S. 1890: Microsc. #1. 2, f. 2. 
DisTRIBUTION: Eastern and central United States, Colorado, and the Pacific coast; also in 
Europe. . 
Exsiccati: Clements, Crypt. Form. Colo. 183 (in part); Herpell, Prap. Hutpilze 14. 
110. Russula rugulosa Peck, Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 54: 179. 
1901. 
Pileus thin, fragile, convex, then almost plane or depressed in the center, 5-10 em. broad; 
surface varying in color from yellowish-red to deep-red, viscid, then rugose-tuberculate, with 
wrinkles sometimes radiating from the center; margin even, then tuberculate-striate: context 
white, acrid or tardily acrid; lamellae white, equal, adnate or slightly rounded behind, rather 
close; stipe white, nearly equal, spongy within, 5-8 cm. long, 8-16 mm. thick: spores white, 
subglobose or broadly elliptic, echinulate, 8.5 X 9.5 u. 
Type Locality: Adirondack Mountains, New York. 
Hapirat: Among mosses and fallen leaves in woods. 
DIsTRIBUTION: New York, Vermont, and Connecticut. 
InLustRations: Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 54: ol. 72, f. 12-18. 
111. Russula bicolor Burl. Mycologia 5: 311. 1913. 
Piletts broadly convex, soon nearly plane, up to 8 cm. broad; surface coppery-red inter- 
mixed with pale-yellow or ocher, viscid when moist, pellicle separable on the margin, glabrous; 
margin even, becoming striate when mature: context white, subfragile, acrid; lamellae white, 
drying yellowish, equal, broad at the outer ends, narrowed behind but not free, interveined, 
subcrowded; stipe white, spongy, becoming hollow, 4.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. thick or smaller: 
spores white, subglobose, echinulate, 8 X 8-10 xu. 
TYPE LOCALITY: Newfane, Vermont, 342 m. elevation. 
Hasirat: On the ground in mixed woods under yellow birch. 
DISTRIBUTION: Vermont and Oregon. 
