Family 3. ALLIONIACEAE* 
By Paul, CARPENTER STANDLEY 
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes scandent, dichotomously or tricho- 
tomously branched, glabrous or pubescent, the stems often swollen at the 
nodes, sometimes armed with spines. Leaves simple, and opposite, alternate, 
or verticillate, estipulate, sessile or petiolate, the blades usually entire, some- 
times toothed or lobed, raphidulous. Flowers perfect or unisexual, in the 
latter case usually dioecious, regular, sometimes dimorphous, usually arranged 
in paniculate or corymbose cymes, sometimes solitary, racemose, spicate, 
umbellulate, or capitate, ‘usually bracteate or variously involucrate, the 
involucre of free or connate segments, often calyx-like and enclosing 1 or 
many flowers, persistent or deciduous, often accrescent in age, green or brightly 
colored. Perianth inferior, simple, herbaceous or corolla-like, small or large, 
usually campanulate or funnelform, persistent in fruit and usually accrescent, 
closely enclosing the pericarp; tube short or often much elongate, usually 
indurate at the base in age; limb persistent or deciduous, truncate or 3-5- 
dentate or lobed, the segments usually induplicate-valvate. Stamens l—many, 
hypogynous; filaments usually united at the base, unequal, filiform; anthers 
included or exserted, dorsifixed near the base, didymous, the cells dehiscent 
by lateral slits. Ovary included in the perianth-tube, sessile or stipitate, 
1-celled, membranaceous, usually attenuate at the apex; style short or elongate, 
sometimes wanting, filiform; stigma simple, and capitate, peltate, or fimbriate, 
rarely lateral or the style stigmatose along one side. Fruit an anthocarp, 
composed of the persistent, coriaceous, fleshy, or indurate base of the perianth- 
tube enclosing the indehiscent utricle and adherent to it, costate, sulcate, or 
alate, often viscous when wet, frequently bearing viscous glands; utricle 
membranaceous or coriaceous. Seed erect, the testa hyaline; endosperm 
scanty or abundant, usually farinaceous or fleshy; embryo straight, with 
broad conduplicate cotyledons, these enclosing the endosperm, or often 
curved and with broad or narrow cotyledons; radicle inferior. 
Embryo straight; flowers usually unisexual; trees or shrubs, sometimes 
armed with spines; leaves all or partly opposite. I, PIsONIEAE. 
Embryo curved; flowers perfect; plants usually herbaceous. 
Leaves alternate. ; 
Perianth unchanged in fruit, not differentiated into two parts; 
flowers racemose, free from the bracts; plants unarmed, and 
herbaceous, or suffrutescent at the base. II. SALPIANTHEAE. 
Perianth much changed in fruit, the lower part enlarged and 
adherent to the fruit, the upper part persistent; flowers borne 
in clusters of 3, each adnate to a large colored bract; spiny, 
scandent shrubs. III. BouGAINvILLEAE. 
Leaves opposite. : 
Perianth-lobes valvate. IV. COLIGNONIEAE. 
Perianth-lobes induplicate-valvate. : 
Stigma spheric or hemispheric; both cotyledons well developed; 
anthocarp often with mucilaginous glands. V. MIRABILEAE. 
Stigma linear; inner cotyledon abortive; anthocarp without 
mucilaginous glands; flowers capitate. VI. ABRONIEAE. 
* Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 
VoLuME 21, Part 3, 1918] 171 
