on the Hortus Malabaricus, Part II. 287 
the Indian archipelago, and only reached Amboina in 1693 
(Herb. Amb. vii. 62.). 
Under the name Tithymalus arborescens caule aphyllo Plukenet 
(Alm. 368; Phyt. t. 319. f. 6.) not only gives a good represen- 
tation of the Tiru Calli; but among the synonyma of preceding 
authors gives us some, which point out Africa as its proper na- 
tive country : for he asserts, that it is the Planta lactaria, Xabra, 
and Camorronum of Rhasis and Rauwolf, the Felfel Tavil s. Piper 
longum Ægyptium of Veslingius, and the Tithymalus aphyllus 
Planta Mauritanica of Imperatus. 
The elder Burman (Thes. Zeyi. 223.) adds nothing to our 
knowledge of the plant described by Plukenet (which he calls 
Tithymalus ramosissimus, frutescens, pene aphyllos), except some 
synonyma of authors subsequent to Plukenet: but he rejects 
every name that hinted its being a native of Africa. All these 
he joins with his T?thymalus orientalis, articulatus, Juncus aphyl- 
los of Hermann, which he considers as a distinct species, called 
Muwakirya by the Ceylonese, although the text has Munakirya; 
but, as appears from the index, this is an error. 
Linnæus joined the two species of Burman into one (Fl. Zeyl. 
196.), omitting altogether the names referring to Africa: but 
whether he thought that the accounts were too imperfect to 
merit quotation, or that the African plant was not the Tiru 
Calli, Y cannot say : from this time forward, however, India is 
considered as the only native country of the Tiru Calli. 
In the commentary on the E/a Calli I have mentioned the 
error of Rumphius (Herb. Amb. iv. 88.) in considering the Tiru 
Calli as the same with the Sudu Sudu Tikos, a plant with strong 
prickles: but he afterwards gave an excellent account of the 
Tiru Calli under the name of Ossifraga lactea ( Herb. Amb. vii. 62. 
t. 29.). | 
In the Species Plantarum, followed by the younger Burman 
(Fl. 
