Dr. Latham'/ mf a y on the T r s.char or Windpipes of Bird:, 93 



it happens, ferves to increafe the tone of voice; and that this fex is 

 enabled, by means of it, to cry out more forcibly than thole birds 

 which have nofuch conftruction of parts — an inftance of which is 

 pointed out in the Golden-Eye Duck, the Latin name of which (Clan- 

 gula) has been given to it from this fuppofed circumftance*. Others 

 again have fuppofed that the peculiarity of ftruc"lure might be of 

 nfe in diving ; yet no one has authenticated to us, that the male is 

 able to flay longer under water than the female. Concerning the 

 want or prefence of an enlarged cavity, or labyrinth, as authors have 

 called it, nothing can better fuit our purpofe than the examples of 

 the Scoter and Velvet Duck, the latter of which has not only an en- 

 largement of cavity at the bottom part, but likewife a large hollow 

 in the middle, added to a third enlargement of hollow bone juft be- 

 low the larynx ; but in the firfl-named not the leaf! deviation from 

 iin uniformly cylindrical (hape is feen throughout the whole of its 

 length, in either fex : — yet, wonderful to fay, the Scoter has by far the 

 o-reater facility of the two, in refpect to diving and flaying under the 

 water, and on account of this property of diving becomes one of 

 the mofl difficult birds to kill in its own element, as twenty fhots 

 have been made at one of thefe, by a good markfman, before one 

 has taken effect.. We cannot do amifs alfo to remind the reader, 

 that none of the genus of Colymbus, Podiceps, or Una, which have 

 acquired the name of Divers from being fo often under water, do 

 enjoy any material conftmclion of the trachea different from the 

 Cock and Hen, which are well known to avoid the water from in- 

 ftincl:. Neither can I learn that any thing occurs to outward appear- 

 ance, that ihould enable the Corvsrant, Shag, and many others, to 



• Gefner fuppofes the name to have been given from clapping the wings at the firft rifing 

 to take flight. " Ab alarum clangore, quae firmiflimae funt, nee Cmc fono in volatu moven- 

 ftir," Dt Nat. Av. p. 1 04. 



dive 



