Dr. Latham'j Efay on the Trachea or Windpipes of Birds. 99 



is alio figured in the Planches Enluminees 9 as well as the Plate re- 

 ferred to in Frifch's work, where the reader may likewii'e learn the 

 defcription and manners.— He will, in like manner, be directed to 

 the fynonyms of fuch authors as may be necefTary for him to con- 

 fult, in refpeel: to the other birds mentioned in this treatife, the 

 defign of which being chiefly that of defcribing the organ of refpi- 

 ration called the trachea or windpipe; and as the Wood Grous feems 

 to deviate from the common road, in a lefs degree than others 

 which will be hereafter mentioned, it feems raoft proper to begin 

 our fubjecl with. 



The windpipe in this fpecies, otherwife than being longer than 

 the neck, does not furniili us with any thing material in refpeel; 

 to general conformation : it paflfes in a ftraight direction downwards 

 as far as the crop, where it takes a bend upwards, and again turning 

 downwards, goes on to the lungs in the ufual way. 



As the bird is very rare in this kingdom, I have never been able 

 to examine more than one, which came from the North of Europe, 

 and of which very little of the trachea remains with me, except the 

 parts compofing the bend : I have therefore availed myfelf of the 

 drawing of Dr. Bloch in the Berlin Tranfadiions above referred to,, 

 in order to perfect my figure, in which a reprefents the tongue— bb 

 the os hy aides, or bone of the tongue, with its appendages— c the 

 larynx with the glottis or orifice therein for the admiflion of air — dd 

 mufcles which accompany the trachea, one on each fide, ferving to 

 lengthen or (horten it at the will of the bird—^the trachea or wind- 

 pipe itfelf, forking off into two parts called bronchia^ which divari- 

 cate into numberlefs fmaller tubes, and lofe themfelves in the va- 

 rious ramifications of the lungs. 



This general flru6ture of parts is greatly fimilar in all birds, and 

 will ferve throughout this EfTay whenever we may have occafion 

 to fpeak of them, having in view fuch readers as may not be con- 



O 2 verfant 



