90 Mr, J, Ltndley's Observations on 



but not much thickened. In Raphiolepis it is infundibuliform 

 and deciduous ; in Chanomeles campanulate and fleshy. It is 

 generally five-toothed ; in Cijdonia and Mespilus five-parted and 

 foliaceous ; in Chamameles as it were truncate, with five very 

 small denticulations. 



The petals are roundish and spreading ; in Amelanchier long 

 and narrow; in Cotoneaster short and erect; in Phot inia re- 

 flexed. 



The fruit is usually closed by the thickened disk and conni- 

 vent divisions of the calyx. But in Mespilus the top of the cells 

 is absolutely naked ; and this is one of the distinctions between 

 it and Cratcegus. In Ckcenomeles it splits into five valves, ac- 

 cording to Thunberg. In its young state it is composed of from 

 one to five ovaria, usually united into a single mass and adhering 

 to the calyx, which then appears superior ; but in Cotoneaster 

 the ovaria are absolutely distinct from each other, and only co- 

 here with the calyx ; in Photinia they are united with each other, 

 but not with the calyx, except by somewhat less than their lower 

 half. As the fruit ripens, the calyx and ovaria increase simul- 

 taneously in size. The substance of the latter, however, varies 

 considerably. They become fleshy, and form with the calyx a 

 five-celled fruit, with cartilaginous or chartaceous endocarp in 

 Pyrus, and osseous endocarp in Mespilus; and to these the term 

 pomnm may be strictly applied. Linnaeus and his followers have 

 considered the fruit of Mespilus, Sec. as a bacca ; but if this is a 

 term by which those fruits are distinguished whose seeds are 

 lodged rn pulp, and usually lose their point of attachment when 

 ripe, it can only have been used in this order through a very 

 common mistake of the part containing for the part contained ; 

 or, in other words, of the inner coat or putamen of the cells for 

 the seeds themselves. In Cotoneaster I have already said, that 

 the ovaria are parietal ; and the ripe fruit consists of five peri- 



carpia 



