which appear to he dioecious. mjj 



on Ashdown Forest, near Withyham in Sussex : here both the 

 female and antheriferous plants were growing, bul in separate 

 patches: in two other spots in the same neighbourhood, where 

 there was not a great quantity, I found only antheriferoui plants. 



Cnicus acaulis I have seen growing abundantly, and the female 

 plants seemed to be as frequent as the antheriferous. 



In examining exotic species, I was generally reduced to a 

 single plant of each ; and supposing it to be dioecious, it was 

 probably an equal chance whether it was a male <»r a female : if 

 a female, it was readily known by the imperfect anthers : but it 

 was not so easy to distinguish a male from an hermaplirodite : 

 this I attempted to do'by examining the capitula, which had 

 flowered; and when all the ovaria proved abortive, I concluded 

 that the plant was a male. 



I am aware, nevertheless, that this is a very doubtful test in a 

 cultivated plant, the flowers of which are frequently barren from 

 causes that are not obvious. 



By the kindness of Mr. Anderson I was enabled several times 

 to examine the numerous species of the genera Serratula, Car- 

 dials, and Cnicus, which are cultivated in the Botanic Garden at 

 Chelsea; and about half the plants to which, from the state of 

 their flowering, I could apply the tests above mentioned, proved 

 either male or female. 



In Serratula, the only species not hermaphrodite was the tine- 

 tor ia. 



In the genera Carduus and Cnicus I ascertained the following, 

 as named in Mr. Anderson's manuscript catalogue, to be female 



plants. 



Cnicus tuberosus, ochroleucus, senupectinatus, and Salisburgensis. 



Three or four others I suspect to be male plants ; for, upon ex- 

 amining many capitula that had flowered, I could not find any 

 perfect seeds. 



vol. nil. 4 h Thave 



