Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 149 
nensis, Chloroleucon eurycyclum, Gnetum leyboldii, Hura crepitans, Lonchocarpus 
densiflorus, Manicaria saccifera, Micropholis guyanensis, Otoba acuminata, Pouteria 
ramiflora, Prioria copaifera, Raphia taedigera, Sabal mauritiiformis, Zygia inaequalis, 
and Z. latifolia. There are also species from the Antilles, such as Manilkara spectabilis 
and Morinda citrifolia. 
Within the elevational range (O—500 m) of this region, numerous species of palms 
are common and characteristic, e.g., Asterogyne martiana, Bactris gracilior, B. hon- 
durensis, Calyptrogyne condensata, C. ghiesbreghtiana, Chamaedorea pinnatifrons, 
C. tepejilote, Cryosophila warscewiczii, Euterpe precatoria, Geonoma congesta, G. in- 
terrupta, Iriartea deltoidea, Socratea exorrhiza, Synechanthus fibrosus, S. warscewic- 
zianus, and Welfia regia. Frequent to common species in other families include Aech- 
mea pittieri, A. pubescens, Alchorneopsis floribunda, Alsophila firma, Anaxagorea 
crassipetala, Anthurium acutangulum, A. cuspidatum, A. ochranthum, Becquerelia cy- 
mosa, Calathea leucostachys, Calliandra trinervia, Calophyllum brasiliense, Carapa 
guianensis, Chrysophyllum colombianum, Cleidion castaneifolium, Cyathea multi- 
flora, Danaea nodosa, D. wendlandii, Dendropanax arboreus, Dipteryx oleifera, Dry- 
monia macrophylla, D. turrialvae, Elaeagia auriculata, Elaphoglossum latum, 
Euphorbia elata, Guarea rhopalocarpa, Guatteria aeruginosa, G. diospyroides, Guz- 
mania scherzeriana, Hieronyma alchorneoides, Hippotis panamensis, Homalomena 
wendlandii, Lomariopsis vestita, Macrolobium hartshornii, Manekia naranjoana, Ma- 
panea assimilis, Matisia bracteolosa, M. ochrocalyx, Minquartia guianensis, Myrio- 
carpa longipes, Naucleopsis naga, Otoba novogranatensis, Passiflora lancearia, Pau- 
sandra trianae, Philodendron aurantiifolium, Pleiostachya leiostachya, Pourouma 
bicolor, P. minor, Pouteria calistophylla, P. congestifolia, P. torta, Pseudolmedia mol- 
lis, Psychotria elata, P. panamensis, Pterocarpus rohrii, Quiina schippii, Stenosper- 
mation angustifolium, S. marantifolium, Stryphnodendron microstachyum, Talauma 
gloriensis, Tapirira guianensis, Tetrorchidium euryphyllum, Tillandsia anceps, T: mon- 
adelpha, Tovomita weddelliana, Virola koschnyi, V. sebifera, Vochysia ferruginea, and 
V. guatemalensis. 
This elevational range also harbors a combination of elements more abundant in 
mid- to high-elevation montane forests, many of which descend to very low elevations. 
Some of these are actually lowland species belonging to primarily highland families or 
genera, e.g., Bomarea edulis, B. obovata (Alstroemeriaceae), Ilex skutchii (Aquifo- 
liaceae), Hedyosmum scaberrimum (Chloranthaceae), Talauma gloriensis (Magno- 
liaceae), and Podocarpus guatemalensis (Podocarpaceae). Others are species more 
common at higher elevations, or of high-elevation families or genera: lex maxima 
(Aquifoliaceae), Hedyosmum bonplandianum (Chloranthaceae), Clethra costaricensis 
and C. hondurensis (Clethraceae), Nyssa talamancana (Cornaceae), Cavendishia axil- 
laris, C. callista, and Sphyrospermum buxifolium (Ericaceae), Oreomunnea mexicana 
(Juglandaceae), Roupala glaberrima (Proteaceae), and Daphnopsis americana (Thy- 
