16 Dr. SurTU's Introductory Difcourfe. 
parous and oviparous is well known. In the former clafs were ar- 
ranged all quadrupeds, and in the latter birds, fithes and infects. 
Ariftotle was himfelf fenfible that this fyftem muft be taken with 
fome latitude, there being feveral quadrupeds, as lizards, which 
are not viviparous, and fome infeéts and fifhes viviparous, although. 
not quadrupeds. By infe&s he and all other naturalifts down to 
Linnæus underftood fuch of the fmaller kinds of animals as have 
the body divided into fegments, fo that many worms and even fifhes 
were included in this divifion. 
Gefner arranged his voluminous hiftory of animals upon the 
principles of Ariftotle, feparating the oviparous from the viviparous 
quadrupeds ; and Aldrovandus colleéted all that others had written, 
indeed without fufficient difcrimination of truth from fiction, and 
difpofed it much in the fame order. With refpe& to Ornithology, 
Geíner cultivated that {cience with peculiar {uccefs, and is the au- 
thor of many very valuableobfervations. Aldrovandus copied him 
in many things, and Johnfton is hardly worth mentioning, as he 
has done little elfe than copy both. Befides what the authors 
above mentioned have given us relating to fifhes, that branch of 
natural hiftory was ably handled by Paul Jovius, an Italian phyfician 
of great tafte and learning in the beginning of the fixteenth century; 
afterwards by the accurate Bellonius, who wrote alfo on birds; by 
Salvianus in his fuperb book on aquatic animals, printed at Rome in 
1554; and by Rondeletius, profeffor at Montpelier, who publifhed 
the fame year. Infeéts were alfo particularly treated of in a work the 
joint labour of feveral able men, among whom was the indefatigable 
. Gefner; this book was publifhed by Dr. Mouffet, an Englifh phy- 
fician, in 1634. 
This was the ftate of Zoology when our own immortal Harvey 
firft dared to controvert one of the doctrines of Ariftotle, which, 
although really unworthy of fo great a philofopher, nobody had 
hitherto 
