88 Mr. Turner's Descriptions of 
«- 
various gradations, or if we form opinions without having seen 
them in different states ; for no error is more pernicious than that 
of those botanists who promise themselves to acquire a knowledge 
of them by means of their herbaria alone, as, however useful sin- 
gle specimens of this tribe may be for the sake of reference, the 
naturalist that puts too much reliance upon them will find, as 
soon as he meets with the plants in their places of growth, that 
he has studied at home for little else than to confuse others, and 
bewilder himself. 
Lichen chrysocephalus. 
1. Lichen crusta granulosa pallide flavavix cohaerente; bacillis 
nigris ; tuberculis aurantiacis, margine pallidiore. 
Tab. VIII. Fig. 1. 
Innascitur sudibus antiquis prope Sotterley in Suffolcia. 
Crusta late eflfusa, modice crassa, e granulis minutis, pallida et in- 
terdum viridi fiavis, nitidis, subglobosis, formae tamen nequa- 
quam certae, hie congestis, illic sparsis, vix cohaerentibus con- 
stat. Bacilla, ex hac, nigra, altitudine linearia vel sesquiline- 
aria, filiformia, crassitie humani capitis pilos vix aequantia, 
copiose assurgunt. Horum apicibus insident tubercula rotunda, 
superficie plana aut convexiuscula, quorum disci, per pulverem 
quo replentur, aurantiaci, margines autem pallide flavi, crustae- 
que fere concolores sunt. Plants senescente, pulvis e tubercu- 
lis excidit, unde concavi nigrique fiunt, mox tubercula ipsa 
delabuntur et bacilla inania restant. Varietatem huj us plantulae 
inveni, cujus tubercula, fere sessilia, glomeratlm coacervantur. 
The only place in which I have hitherto seen this Lichen is at 
Sotterley, near Beccles in Suffolk, where I found it, April 7th 1802, 
in 
