Mr. Woops on the British Species of Rosa. 167 
ifit were as usual. In a regularly-formed calyx they are always 
very narrow at the point of junction, and go off at a considerable 
angle; and when they take their commencement from a wide 
base, or lie nearly parallel to the line of the leafit when the flower 
is open, the calyx must be rejected as a monster. On this sub- 
ject some further observations will be found in the course of 
this introduction. This character (of a simple calyx), like all. 
others in the genus, must be determined with caution; aseven in 
some of those Roses whose calyx is generally simple, a small offset 
may sometimes be observed, even putting monstrosities out of the 
question. Another circumstance to be attended to is, that the 
proper offset or pinna always occurs before the contraction of the 
calyx leafit at the point of the flower; after that contraction 
many Roses have a strong tendency to produce more or less of a 
leaf. 
The five leafits of the calyx of a Rose, dnited before the expan- 
sion of the flowers, present five lines of junction, each of which 
in the compound calya is furnished with a row of offsets; two of 
the leaves having pinnæ on each side, one on one side only, and 
the remaining two are uniformly entire. 
** Quinque sumus fratres, sub eodem tempore nati, 
Bini barbati, bini sine crine creati, 
Quintus habet barbam sed tantum dimidiatam,” 
This arrangement I express by the term compound : in the sub- 
simple calyx every flower offers one or more of these offsets, but 
the whole provision is never found in any one. 
In all Roses these calyx leafits are liable to become monstrous 
two ways: sometimes one or two, or sometimes even the whole 
number will grow out into leaves (folia), and sometimes the off- 
sets are entirely wanting even in species where they usually are 
the 
