Capt. SABINE’s Memoir on the Birds of Greenland, §c. 549 
feathers tipped with brown : the bill of the immature bird has the 
extremity yellow as in the mature bird. The wings of this species 
extend an inch and a half beyond the tail: the legs are black, and 
the skin very rough; they are feathered within a very short distance ! 
of the knee: length of the tarsus only one inch and a half ; the claws 
are much hooked : irides dark brown in every specimen: the legs 
and bill of the mature birds agreed in colour with the descriptions 
of the authors quoted; the hind claw is sufficiently conspicuous, 
though Fabricius says not. These birds are attracted in consider- 
able numbers by whale blubber, and are therefore usually found 
in company with the Procellaria glacialis; they are easily killed, 
being by no means shy. 
29. Larus Tripacryzus. Kittiwake Gull. 
L. Tridactylus. Temm. 502.—Kittiwake. Mont. Dict. & Supp. 
^ MATURE SUMMER. L. Tridactylus. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 817. Fabr. 98.— 
Kittiwake. Lath. Syn. vi. 393. Br. Zool. ii. 186.—L. Rissa. Gmel. i. 594. Arct. 
Zool. Supp. 70. Brün. no. 140. Müll. no. 160. T" 
MATURE WINTER. Kittiwake. Arct. Zool. ii. 529. & Supp. 70. 
.. IMMATURE. L, Tridactylus. Gmel. i. 595., Müll. no. 161. Faun. Suec. 55. 
—L. Tridactylus. 6. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii, 817.—Tarrock Gull. Mont. Dict. & Supp. 
Lath. Syn. vi. 392. & Supp. 068. Br. Zool.ii. 187. Arct. Zool. ii. 533. S Supp. 
70. 
It is expedient to distinguish the different states of plumage of 
this bird, in reference to the authors quoted. Temminck is the 
first writer who appears to have had a fuil knowledge of the 
changes it undergoes. The mature summer plumage is wholly 
white, with the exception of the back and wings; these are of a 
deep ash-colour: the black markings of the primary quill feathers 
have been correctly described by Temminck. In the autumn, 
the white at the back of the head and neck is changed into a 
light ash-colour, which is rather deepest behind the ear, forming 
the appearance of a spot: the small feathers under the eye are 
4B 2 also 
