THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE РЕМОГАСЕХ. 289 
with the development of the organ affected (unless arrested), whereas enation does not 
show itself for some time after the origination of the part. Chorisis is a true subdivision 
of the original organ.  Enation is a secondary process, and is, as its name implies, an out- 
growth from an organ already advanced some stages in development. Such outgrowths 
are of frequent occurrence in Primroses ; and they have especial significance with reference 
to the mode of formation of the stamens, before alluded to (Pl. XXXIX. figs. 2 & 3), and 
also to the formation of the placenta. It is curious to observe that in some of these 
cases the dorsal face of the outgrowth is applied to the upper surface of the petal from 
which it springs, just as the leaves of a book follow one another in parallel order, 
as in the diagram, where the thick line represents the outer surface of the petals, 
and the thin lines the inner surface respectively =, while in other cases the 
In the latter case it 
upper surfaces are placed opposite one another, thus — — - ж, 
sometimes happens that the margins of the outgrowth adhere to those of the original 
petal, and a tube is formed. It must be understood that there is no real change of 
position in this latter case, such as could only be brought about by a twisting of the 
lower part of the outgrowth, but that the cellular structure characteristic of the outer 
surface is developed on the inner surface, and vice versd. 
A tubular or cupped condition of the petals is one of the commonest deviations in 
Primula prenitens t, the Chinese Primrose of gardens. It usually arises by a process of 
growth similar to that by which peltate leaves are formed; and as the marginal portions 
grow faster or more vigorously than the central ones, а сир or tube is eventually formed. 
In other cases the tube appears to be developed by the gradual ineurvation and ultimate 
cohesion of the margins. It is possible that this latter condition represents the formation 
of the anther-lobes. 
Adverting now to the principal malformations affecting the corolla of Primulacez as a 
whole, mention may be made of that general leafy condition known as phyllody or chlo- 
ranthy, and which is frequently accompanied by prolification 2. These changes will be 
incidentally referred to in the sequel. Another very common change consists in the dupli- 
cation of the corolla. А **hose-in-hose" corolla is thus formed $. In such cases the 
petals of the inner corolla generally alternate with those of the outer; and then their 
autonomy may be safely assumed: but in other cases they are superposed; and then 
they are probably the result of enation, as before explained. 
° Аховастом.-—ТЬе commonest changes to which the stamens of Primulacez аге sub- 
jected are various degrees of leafy or petaloid mutation, phyllody or petalody, as the 
case may be, such as have just been referred to, and, more rarely, of detachment from 
the tube of the corolla ||. : es 
Enation.—When what should be а stamen assumes a leafy or a petaloid condition it 
very often becomes subject to chorisis or to enation, in the same manner as in the 
* Mast. in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 1866, vol. i. new ser. p. 202 ; Veg. Teratology, рр. 377, 449. 
T Veg. Terat. p. 315. 
+ See Marchand, Adansonia, 1864, p. 150; Baillon, Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 3. t. 2, p. 290; Adansonia, iii. t. iv. ; 
een Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. x. p. 191. $ Vegetable Teratology, p. 377. | Ibid. р. 253, 
2 
