5 
idiosyncrasies, with special reference to the mountain tribes and the best 
method of dealing with them. 
On my return from Wariap in 1913 I was fortunate in finding Mr. Pratt 
and his sons at Manokoeari, where they had arrived to organize another 
expedition to the Angi lakes. I gladly welcome this opportunity of thanking 
them for permission to reproduce the successful photographs subsequently 
taken in that region, including several purely botanical subjects selected 
especially at my request. My own results there had not proved satisfactory. 
3. SCOPE AND CONDITIONS OF PRESENT WORK. 
The chief objective of the present work was a direct outcome of results 
obtained and observations made on Mt. Kinabalu in British North Borneo 
in 1910, 
The great interest in the higher regions of that mountain lies in the extra- 
Malayan facies of the vegetation and elements in the systematic composition 
of the flora. The predominance there of species in Orchidacee, Myrtacez, | 
Kricacez, chiefly Rhododendrons and Vacciniums, is such a striking feature, 
that one felt it must be derived from some more continental type of 
vegetation than the limited occurrence on an isolated mountain could 
account for. 
Celebes and the Moluccas did not suggest sufficient scope for the proposed 
key to the solution; but the mountains of New Guinea with their huge 
area, approximate rainfall, and great altitude offered a perfect basis of 
comparison ; while Dr. Beccari’s description in ‘‘ Malesia”? of his work and 
observations on the plants found by him on the Arfak mountains showed a 
very close approach to the phytogeographical facies of the Kinabalu “ Massiv.” 
This impression was further confirmed by the account of Mr. Pratt’s first 
expedition to the more southern region of the range, and a few plants collected 
by him in an open marsh by the larger of the two Angi lakes, kindly 
shown to me at Kew by Dr. Stapf, finally led me to decide on that locality 
for comparative work. 
Through thé broad-minded interest and influence of my friend the late 
Sir Kenelm Digby, permission for the expedition was accorded, through the 
kind offices of the Foreign Office, by the Government of the Netherlands. 
I must express my deep gratitude to His Excellency Mr. A. W. F. Idenburg, 
then Governor-General of the Netherlands-India, for the extreme courtesy 
of his reception and the interest he evinced in the scientific objects of the 
projected work, the success of which was assured, thanks to his generous 
assistance and detailed instructions. 
My thanks are also due to Mr. ©. Lulofs and Mr. J. C. Kielstra for 
much kind attention during my stay at Buitenzorg. 
At Ternate the Resident, Mr. Ch. L. J. Palmer van den Broek, was 
