8 
“ campong ” is situated, separates the two bays, the further one being much 
smaller, very shallow, and probably rapidly silting up. 
Manokoeari lies in the centre, on the lower slopes of a very recent 
“korang” or coral limestone range about 500’ in height, while to the 
east the coast runs out into a low peninsula, where most of the Papuan 
plantations are situated, the soil there being much better than that of the 
sterile “ korang ” of the range. 
To the south rise the Arfak Mountains, 9000’ high, which run in 
parallel ranges down the western shore of Geelvink Bay, at about forty 
to fifty miles inland, except at one point—Tanaroeboe, one day’s journey 
along the beach from Andai, where spurs from the mountains abut steeply 
on to the sea. How far south the range extends has not been determined, — 
nor whether it is continuous with the mountain chain of the north-west coast, 
as some writers have inferred. 
The main buttress of the Arfak rises above Andai, a Papuan “ campong ” 
at the mouth of the Andai River, about four to five hours by native prau 
across the bay from Manokoeari. From Andai there is a tract to Amberbaki 
on the north-west coast, which passes through Hatam, a four days’ journey 
according to Rosenberg (10, 79). 
The two small Angi lakes, to the vicinity of which this collection was 
limited, lie at an altitude of 7000! and 9000’ respectively, on the southern 
portion of the range. The lakes are accessible from several points on the 
coast, of which the immediate shore-line only is sparsely inhabited, the 
few inhabitants being restricted to the beach, hence their name, “ Orang 
pantai”’ or “ beach people.” 
A huge intervening low-lying belt of coral limestone or “ korang ” 
extends from the beach to the foot-hills of the Arfak. This tract of country, 
_ intersected by the alluvial terraces and large inundation-areas of the rivers, 
which pour down from the mountains in the rainy season, is devoid of 
inhabitants and suggests very recent elevation. : 
The main topographical features of this part of the W. coast of Geelvink 
Bay may therefore be roughly divided into four zones, which also corre- 
spond to the general plant-formations :—(a) The Immediate Shore-Line ; 
(6) “ Korang”’ or Coral-Limestone Zone; (c) Inhabited Zone of F oot-hills 
and lower Ranges ; (d) Crests of main Range and Lake Basins from 7000’. 
a. THe IMMEDIATE SHoreE-LIng. 
The immediate shore-line is sparsely inhabited, though many fine rivers 
and torrents sweep down from the mountains, With the exception of some 
mangrove formation, between Dorei Bay and Andai, and Oranswari and 
Wariap, the beach Sweeps southward, consisting of big stones, shingle, or 
