11 
c. INHABITED ZONE or Foor-HiLLts AND LOWER RANGES. 
Once on the foot-hills the character of the country changes : the ground 
is broken by rocky outcrops and boulders, and the streams are now mountain 
torrents, plunging over great boulders which form their beds. 
Crossing the Soedomi River, a rocky stream which falls into the Momi, 
one mounts steeply up the flanks of the spurs to the crests of the ridges, 
which are cleared. Native houses are first seen at about 1000’, and from 
thence upwards, on the crests and slopes of the ridges, where the soil is 
deep and easy to work, there is evidence of extensive cultivation, past 
and present. 
All the region of the subsidiary spurs and lower ranges seems to be 
inhabited. From commanding views it is easy to trace the line of the ridge, 
by which the approach to the lakes is made from Sjari, by the smoke rising 
from the houses, which are always perched in a conspicuous position, 
probably for the double purpose of observation and defence. Only in the 
case of one or two head-hunting tribes, who seem to inspire the whole 
neighbourhood with terror, were the houses situated on the lower slopes. 
On the third, or Sjari ridge, from the Soedomi River, one looks down on 
to the Momi again, which rises in these mountains at right angles to its 
coast course. From below Soekoem the course of the Momi River (fig. 2) 
is erroneously indicated ; it should be that suggested for the Ransiki River 
(fig. 2). 
Van Oosterzee (17, 999), who went up from Sjari, 20 miles along the coast 
from Wariap and 10 miles south of Warén, mentions crossing the rivers 
Warén and Waidiri, both flowing into the Momi, but the Warén enters the 
sea at Waren, halfway between Sjari and Wariap. The Soedomi was tlie 
only river we crossed, coming up from Wariap, till the Momi was again met 
with as a rocky torrent. Crossing to the west bank of the Momi we climbed 
another long spur in a westerly direction, till the latter joined the crest of 
the main range at 7000’, called the S.W. ridge in this work, where the 
inhabited zone suddenly ceases, a fact probably determined by the steeper 
gradients and narrower crests, and the exposed and poor gravelly soil. 
d. Orests oF Matn Rance anp LAKE Basins. 
The route to the lakes lies along the narrow crest of this ridge, marked 
as “ Bonjas Gebebergte ” on fig. 2, which runs 8. to S.W. from 5000-85007 in 
height, bounded on the west by a valley, said by the Papuans to be that 
of the river issuing from the largest of the two lakes (Tilaan of fig. 2), and 
on the east by short spurs which run down to the Momi valley. 
The Angi lakes are situated at about 7000’ and 8000’ respectively, 
separated on the west by the long Koebré Mountain, 9000’ high, and 
