27 
entailed a month’s wait at Manokoeari for the next boat ; I put in the time 
working about Dorei Bay, as Dr. Gjellerup told me it had not been collected 
over. As the next boat called at Humboldt Bay, the limit of the Dutch 
possessions, which is only visited every other month, I was able to take that 
trip as well, collecting at each stopping-place, with very good results. 
The coast-collections proved very interesting, but phytogeographically 
so distinct from the Arfak plants, no two species proving common to both 
regions, that they have been separately enumerated. 
PLANT ASSOCIATIONS OF LOW MOUNTAIN FOREST 
FORMATION. 
A, FOREST ASSOCIATIONS. 
{Endemic species are marked °, and those of wider distribution #,] 
a. S.W. Rivas. 
la. Mossless Forest. 
On the main range, or S.W. ridge, at 7000’, a mossless forest asso- 
ciation prevails, of slender straight trees about 13-16 m. high, with a very 
open undergrowth of chiefly herbaceous plants. 
Undergrowth.—° Alpinia domatijera, 1-2 m., always in appreciable colonies 
of one height, the flowers varying from white to red with red fruit, and 
A. arfakensis var. subsessilis, with pink flowers and white fruit, were 
dominant, more or less covering the open ground. 
Lianes.—* Gleichenia linearis, spread over supports up to 7 m., while 
the trunks of the trees were wreatled in the climbing ferns * Nephrolepis 
acuminata and Polybotrya arfakensis, from base to branches, the long fronds 
standing out radially from the stems. Freycinetia Gibbsew, with very hand- 
some red sheaths, hung bunched from the trees or spread in thick masses 
underneath, and F’. flaviceps, with yellow fruit, was more slender in habit. 
Trees.—A group of °Quercus Lauterbachii, the ground underneath strewn 
with magnificent acorns of all sizes, some of those collected having proved 
the largest known, represented a family recorded by D’Albertis (9, 69), 
Beceari (12, i. 177), and St. Vraz (15, 33) from Hatam. *Podocarpus 
Rumphii, recorded by Beccari, but not seen in fruit, was abundant ; likewise 
Phyllocladus hypophyllus, the Kinabalu species, and °Podocarpus papuanus, 
recorded as P. imbricatus (which it very much resembles, the seedling form 
being indistinguishable) by Beccari from Hatam, and since found by Kloss 
on Mt. Carstensz. Advancing due south, as the crest of the ridge narrows, 
a gradual transition to an intermediate mossy forest of smaller trees with 
branched stems and denser crowns, the trunks and bases covered with small 
hepatics and mosses, takes place as the altitude increases. 
