28 
2a, B. Intermediate Mossy Forest. 
Undergrowth.—Sphagnum novo-guineense, with *Rhacopilum  spectabile 
and the magnificent and abundant °Dawsonia gigantea, all in fruit, with the 
creeping *Lycopodium cernuum, formed part of the prevailing moss-carpet, 
from which rose the orchids Platanthera elliptica, vars. longicalearata and 
elatior, green in colour and varying in size, gregarious and general in this 
association ; °Cryptostylis arfakensis, with red lip and green perianth, and 
° Bulbophyllum muricatum, with large red-spotted yellow flowers, were found 
in single examples. Clumps of °Alpinia domatifera (dwarfed), *Gahnia 
psittacorum, previously known only from Australia and Tasmania, * Histiopteris 
incisa, *Dipteris conjugata, gregarious as usual where more open, with the 
small shrubs Liplycosia Lilianee, about *25 m. high, with rigid branches and 
striking white-tipped red flowers, Vaccinium pilosijflorum with pretty, very 
hairy rose-pink corollas, also seen as an epiphyte, and V. leptospermoides, 
with red-pink flowers, were often grouped together at the base and between 
the dwarfed trees. 
Tiny tufts of °Gentiana Vanderwateri, with large white flowers, showed 
up in damp places and, where drier and the -small trees opened out, the 
minute Lobelia arfakensis spread its large patches on the ground, dotted with 
white flowers, while innumerable seedlings of all the conifers previously 
mentioned, with Dacrydium and Libocedrus, formed the most general and 
conspicuous part of the undergrowth, including the slender tree-ferns 
Alsophila arfakensis, with stenis 1 dim. through and about 1 m. high, the 
fronds 1 m. long, and Cyathea arfakensis not much larger. 
Epiphytes.—The small ferns collected on the moss-grown trunks of 
the trees were *Trichomanes palmatifidum, Hymenophyllum cincinnatum, 
*Lindsaya hymenophylloides, °Polypodium remigerum, *P. stenophyllum, 
*P. clavijer, and the minute yellow orchids, Octarrhena cylindrica, with 
Dendrobium glauco-viride (magenta), Phreatia spathulata (white), and Piper 
arfakianum. 
Lianes.—* Gleichenia linearis and *G. volubile abounded, with Freycinetia 
Gibbsew, much less luxuriant, F. Haviceps, and Calamus arfakianus ; a slender 
bamboo, identical in habit and appearance with the Kinabalu plant, but not 
seen in flower, and Lyonsia albiflora were also pretty general. 
Trees.—Dacrydium novo-guineense with Libocedrus arfakensis, °Podo- 
carpus papuanus, *P. Rumphii, and *Phyllocladus hypophyllus were dominant, 
as the profusion of seedlings testified ; but a great variety of other small 
trees were associated, especially towards the southern portion of the ridge, 
where it broadens out again and is consequently more sheltered— Drimys 
arfakensis, with a dense round crown, bore its small, white, later pink flowers 
on pendent pedicels ; Spireanthemum bullatum, * Beckea Jrutescens; Back- 
housia arfakensis, flat-topped like a Leptospermum, with very small coriaceous 
