31 
with the seedling forms in all stages of the prevailing coniferous species, 
were general as forest undershrubs. 
Lianes.—These comprised Freycinetia Gibbsee with the climbing Bamboo 
of the S.W. ridge, °Luzuwriaga aspericaulis, with white flowers and black 
berries, °Palmeria arfakiana, 8, another of Beccari’s Huatam plants, of 
which he collected the ?, Lyonsia albiflora, Tecomanthe volubilis, of which 
the fallen pink corollas, recalling Lapageria rosea in size and colour, were 
plentiful, with Lucinea reticulata, all slender graceful plants. 
Epiphytes—Stictose Lichens and thallose hepatics, se conspicuously 
absent on Kinabalu, in comparison with Polynesia, were here well to the 
fore again, of which *Sticta variabilis and *Riccardia maxima were in fruit, 
and the beautiful *Spiridens Reinwardtii, setting out straight from the tree- 
trunks, recalled vivid Fijian memories, other mosses collected being 
*Rhizogonium spiniforme, °Endotrichella arfakiana, °Ectropothecium arfak- 
ense. The ferns * Trichomanes meifolium, °T. aphlebioides, *Hymenophyllum 
paniculiflorum, *H. Kurzti, *H. australe, *H. salakense, *Humata alpina, 
°H. neoguineensis, * Davallia dissecta, *D. contiqgua, °Pteris papuana, * Poly- 
podium hirtellum, *P. Curtisii, and * Asplenium acutiusculum, associated with 
Lycopodium squarrosum, Burmannia longifolia, and the orchids Glomera 
angiensis with terra-cotta flowers, G. similis and °G. transitoria, Liparis 
Gibbsee, °Ceratostylis arfakensis and C. angiensis, a yellow Pedilochilis sp., 
°Phreatia densissima, Dendrobium oxytophyllum, °D. riparium, Bulbophyllum 
ovalitepalum, °B. tricanaliferum, °B. octarrhenipetalum, B. ovalifolium, 
B. arfakense, B. birugatum, Octarrhena cylindrica var. major, were mostly 
small species with delicate inconspicuous flowers ; while only one plant was 
found in flower of the charming little Vaccinium cyclopense var. arfakense, 
which spreads with dorsiventral branches over the trunks of trees, the 
corolla red with green tips. 
1B. Arauearia Forest. 
The forest took on a totally different character in the spinneys and along 
the edge which bounded the marsh to the south-east, where the latter was 
very boggy with much standing water, a character also shown by the 
encircling forest, on the edge of which I collected, in a dense growth of 
°Polypodium papuanum, Melastoma malabathricum var. adpressum, Vaccinium 
globosum var. adpressum, Trimenia arfakensis, Sheflera angiensis, and Sym- 
plocos arfakensis. °Araucaria Beccarti, in groups and gregarious, here 
predominated, the undergrowth dank and impenetrable on the marshy land, 
where these trees were young, but absent under the older trees on the basal 
slopes of the eastern ridge, where it rose steeply from the lake (PI. 3. fig. 5). 
In this part the chocolate-brown humus, representing the remains of 
many generations of trees, covered huge boulders, pointing to a former 
dominance of this coniferous forest type, with the shed branches of which 
