35 
and bathed in sunshine these form very dry, pleasant resting-places. Con- 
sidering their small size, the contrast of the floral association with that of 
the surrounding forest was very marked. Fringed by the forest trees, 
mostly in flower, being more exposed to light, these little spaces were always 
bright with herbaceous plants—*Lycopodium cernuum creeping, and the 
brilliant terrestrial orchid, °Dendrobiwn angiense, in clumps about ‘25 m. 
high, with bright orange flowers 3 cm. long ; °Riedelia montana var. arfak- 
ensis, with cream-red flowers, about the same height; *Burmannia disticha 
and Didiscus arfukensis, with spreading stolons, were associated with INply- 
costa Lilianee and Vaccinium pilosiflorum ; the 3 cm. long single magenta 
flowers of °Dendrobinm agathodemonis, springing out of the ground in bare 
spots without showing foliage, were generally found on digging up to be 
attached to a small piece of stick. 
*Gleichenia vuleanica, clumps of *Dipteris conjugata and the extraordinary 
°Oleandra cuspidata, with erect dendroid shoots about 1 m. high rising from 
a creeping rhizome, the fronds in verticillate whorls up to the apex of the 
vertical stems, of which Professor Bower writes “It seems to carry to an 
extreme the habit shown by other species,” were massed on the edge under 
the trees. 
Small Landslips. 
In several places small slips of the loose granite gravel of the ridge had 
occurred, exposing the soil, which was covered with large separate g and ¢ 
patches of Dawsonia Beccarii, closely resembling in habit and brown colouring 
D. brevifolia of the exposed peaks of the serpentine ridges of Kinabalu. 
*Lycopodium cernuum, * Gleichenia vulcanica, * Dipteris conjugata, grew 
densely, also *Spathoglottis aurea and * Dianella cerulea. 
At another more recent slip, Gleichenia vuleanica with *Lycopodium 
cernuum were associated with *Gahnia psittacorum, 1°50 m., *Burmannia 
disticha, the woody herbaceous Halorrhagis suffruticosa, the single shoots with 
verticillate spinous leaves terminated by a panicle of red flowers, Oldenlandia 
nutans, of similar habit, but quite herbaceous, with white flowers ; Myrtus 
arfakensis, as a small spreading shrub, and the prostrate M. koebrensis, 
with reddish foliage and stems, both with yellow flowers, spread over the 
easier gradients. 
b. Marsu By 9? LAKE. 
Sand Pans with running water. 
In certain areas of the marsh, more towards the centre, where coarse 
quartz-sand formed a solid surface, intersected by shallow streams or bathed 
in films of streaming water, many small herbaceous plants grew spaced 
between the larger clumps of more showy species. 
Herbaceous Plants.—The little *Schizwa malaccana with the cosmopolitan 
“Lycopodium carolinianum, creeping tightly to the ground, and *L. cernuum, 
D2 
