37 
cerulea, °Riedelia orchioides,-75 m. high with red perianth-segments and 
red-tipped lip, replaced, where the sandy ground was more exposed, by 
the creeping *Jsachne miliacea, * Centella asiatica, *Galium javanicum var., 
and the fleshy-leaved *Mycetia javanicum var. anthotricha, 
Shallow Standing Water. 
Behind this fringing bank, where the level was lower, sandy shallow 
basins of standing water held the alge *Microspora pachyderma, Spirogyra 
sp. sterile, *Netrium oblongum, and a Penium sp., possibly a form of 
P. phymatosporum, surrounded with patches of * Sphagnum Junghuhnianum, 
°Dawsonia gigantea, to be succeeded by *Hypericum mutilum, Halorrhagis 
micrantha, *Centella asiatica, * Hydrocotyle vulgaris, abundant here, *Poly- 
gonum barbatum and *P. strigosum, the white *Viola distans, *Galium 
Javanicum var., * Bidens bipinnatus, and * Emilia sonchifolia. 
Grass-jungle on Edge of Forest. 
Growth on the edge of the forest as it ran on to the marsh was always 
rampant, and this was especially the case to the south side of the isolated 
forest-patch, where, meeting over one’s head, the tangled mass of fern, sedge, 
and shrubs had to be forced aside to penetrate into it, 
Amongst the herbaceous growth *Stenochlena sorbifolia, * Gleichenia 
vuleaniea, and °Oleandra cuspidata were common all round, the scrambling 
*Gleichenia levigata abundant in the open to under the trees, *G. glauca up 
to 6 m. with *@. linearis, *Cladium falcatum, *Gahnia psittacorum up to 
2 m., Halorrhagis suffruticosa, Oldenlandia nutans, and Coleus Gibbsee, all 
drawn up to the level of their environment, with the shrubs °Medinilla 
Forbesti, * Melastoma malabathricum var. adpressum, the lanky single shoots 
of young plants of Potkilogyne arfakensis, °Rhododendron Devriesianum, 
°h. letum, and the pink R. undulaticalyx. The gregarious °Scevola Lauter- 
bach with long semi-scandent shoots, shining leaves, and for the genus 
large yellow flowers, known hitherto from N.E. New Guinea, dominated in 
the tangled mass of fern and sedge. 
c. OPEN Summit oF Korsré Movunraiy, 9000’. 
Cladonia Association. 
The open summit of Koebré forms a flat plateau with a hard surface of 
disintegrated quartz-granite on which quartz-gravel lies so thickly that it 
gives quite a white effect. Where the rock is exposed it shows as large a 
proportion of quartz-veins as of granite. 
Herbaceous plants——On this open plateau, for which systematic burning 
is again responsible, a remarkable association of Cladonia spp. prevailed, 
spreading over the whole area as a uniform grey carpet, about 3 em. high, 
composed of *Cladonia verticillata, *C. didyma, and *C. coccifera, displaced 
