KEW GARDEN MUSEUM. 103 
About 50 ewt. of it are annually collected in Crete, and sent exclusively 
to Constantinople. 
Gum of Cochlospermum Gossypium, DC., called Gum Kuteera, DC. 
Soane River, India. (Dr. Hooker.) Properties similar to Gum Tra- 
gacanth, for which it is substituted in India. Dr. Hooker says that 
the white ants are very fond of it. 
Leaf Bellows; made entirely of the foliage of the Cochlospermum 
Gossypium, compactly stitched together, the handle alone and the 
snout being made of Bamboo. These are used in smelting iron by 
the natives of the hill-country of Soane Valley in India. (Dr. Hooker.) 
See his Himalayan Journals, vol. i. p. 53. 
Capsules and seeds of Cochlospermum Orinocense, Steud. Barra do 
Rio Negro, Brazil. (Mr. Spruce.) Remarkable for the beautiful struc- 
ture of the seeds. C. tinctorium yields a yellow dye. 
Ord. VronLAcEX. VIOLET FAMILY. 
The Violets and the Pansies may be taken as the types of this Family : 
these have irregular petals; some tropical kinds, of whose properties we 
know little or nothing, have regular petals; but the former, whether of 
temperate or warm climates, are more or less employed medicinally, 
the roots possessing highly emetic properties. Of the genus Zonidium, 
for example, one species has received the name of Zonidium Ipecacuanha, 
Vent., because of the purgative property of its roots, which have been 
employed as substitutes for the officinal Ipecacuanha (Cephaelis Ipeca- 
cuanha, Rich.). Of this, a native of Brazil, no samples are in our pos- 
session; but nearly allied to it is the 
Cuicunchilli, or Cuichunchulli, of South America, for example, from 
Cuenca, Riobamba, and Colorado. Roots. From specimens of the 
plant long ago sent to me by the late Dr. Bancroft, I ascertained the 
roots to be those of Jonidium parviflorum, Vent. Dr. Lindley deter- 
mined that of Cuenca to be from I. microphyllum, Humb.; a species 
probably not distinct from parviflorum.  Emetic and purgative. Em- 
ployed as a remedy for the disease called Elephantiasis tuberculata. 
Wine of Cuichunchulli, South America; a tincture of the root. : 
Sweet Violet. Viola odorata, L. Seeds and roots. Europe. The ~ 
roots have been used medicinally, as emetic and purgative (and so 
have those of the Dog Violet, V. canina, Z.); but the plant is chiefly 
cultivated for the delicious odour of the flowers. They are used 2 
