166 NOTES ON SUMATRA. 
ralis, * kroo;" Convolvulus Pes-capre, “ Tapak kurbau,” or buffalo's foot- 
mark; an Euphorbia, very much like Æ. Paralias, ** Tuba laut,” sea 
tuba (Tuba being the root of a Papilionaceous climber, I think a Dal- 
bergia, used to intoxicate fish); a Crinum, I think C. Asiaticum, ** Ba- 
kong;" a Carex, with the habit of C. arenaria ; Gandarussa vulgaris, 
Ganda rusa, a common febrifuge medicine with the Malays, and I be- 
lieve a good one; a cordate-leaved Cissus, generally climbing on the 
Casuarina ; Dillenia speciosa, a plant of numberless varieties, “ Simpoor” 
of the natives; a scrambling Wollastonia; and a Phyllanthus, with 
handsome white and red fruit. Two species of Paspalum and a Rotbæl- 
lia are common, and occasionally Spinifex squarrosus is seen, with its 
long racemes and glaucous foliage, climbing high up among the bushes. 
A small, rich orange-coloured Cyperus is common, with the culm so 
short, that the numerous long-stalked capituli seem at first to rise at 
once out of the sand. All this vegetation is often matted together by a 
species of Cassytha, I think C. littoralis ; the Vitex in particular is often 
entirely destroyed by it. 
The rocks,—generally covered with a thick mat of large Ferns, 
Hoyas, and some Orchids, of which the commonest are Dendrobium 
crumenatum, Cymbidium aloifolium, a little white Trichopetalon, and a 
Thelasis, with curious little compressed pseudobulbs, looking like 
several species of Ficus, yielding food to immense flocks of the beautiful 
white sea-pigeon, and frequently monkeys; a species of Podocarpus, 
like P. latifolius; Calophyllum, Y think C. spectabile, ** Panagya;" Ter- 
minalia Catappa, ** Katapang ;” occasionally a species of Fucca; and 
_ the magnificent Pandanus latissimus, ** Gadore," I think almost the 
2 queen of tropical plants; the stems are sometimes thirty feet high, and 
the enormous fruit, when ripe, as white as ivory. Fagrea auriculata ; 
Barringtonia speciosa ; Myrtus tomentosa, * Karamanting;" and Mela- 
stoma Malabathrica, are also sometimes to be seen in such situations. 
On these plants, especially on the Terminalia, are found several species 
. of Loranthus, and a small leafless Viscum, which is parasitical only upon 
the Loranthi ; and I saw several species of Dendrobium, three of Zrides, 
a small Bolbophyllum, a Cryptostoma, and four species of Appendicula, 
with several epiphytal Hoyas and Melastomacee. One species of Di- 
Schidia is very remarkable, from its bunches of orange-yellow ascidia, 
— which however hold no water; their purpose in the economy of the 
strings of beads,— are crowned by large bushes of an orange Jzora;. 
——D. a 
