LEAFLETS’ OF PHILIPPINE BOTANY 
EDITED BY A. D. E. ELMER, A. M. 
Vol. Il. |... Manila, P. L, November 23, 1908. Art. 23." 
SYNOPSIS OF RUBUS 
BY . 
A. D. E. ELMER. 
—0— 
RUBUS Linn. 
Creeping herbs, erect shurbs or powerful climbers almost 
always prickly. Leaves simple or compound, alternate; 
stipules adnate or free from the petiole. Flowers in term- 
inal or. axillary corymbose panicles, rarely solitary, with red 
or white petals; calyx tube broad cup-shaped, united below the 
middle; lobes 5, persistent, petals 5, usually deciduous; stamens 
many; disk lining the calyx cup; carpels many, on a con- 
cave glabrous or villous receptacle; sytle subterminal; ovules 
2, pendulous; drupes many, 1-seeded, crowded upon a dry 
or spongy conical or cylindric receptacle. 
About 200 species, abundant in the northern hemisphere, 
extending into the tropics on the higher mountains. Out of 
the 16 species and 1 variety enumerated from the Philippines, 
9 species including the variety are endemic. Just about one 
half of the total number, occur in the province of Benguet, 
Luzon only. A good percentage of them indicate a strong 
relationship to those found on the high table lands of temperate 
Himalaya. Such species as R. ellipticus Sm., R. lasiocarpus Sm. 
and R. rugosa Sm. are endemic to the Himalayan region and 
in our Archipelago they are locally confined to the well drained 
grass lands of shallow ravines along streamlets of the pine region 
of mountainous northern Luzon. . ; ù 
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