LEAFLETS OF PHILIPPINE BOTANY 
EDITED BY A. D. E. ELMER, A. M. 
Vol. I. Manila, P. I., August 16, 1906. Fert 7. 
MANUAL OF THE PHILIPPINE COMPOSITAE * 
BY 
A. D. E. ELMER. 
——O0-— 
i INTRODUCTION. 
In this article an effort has been made to include all 
reported Compositae of the Philippine Islands. It includes 
eleven tribes, sixty genera and one hundred species. Of the 
seven following genera we have had no specimens on hand 
for verification. Epaltes, Zinnia, Enhydra, Blainvillea, Dahlia, 
Carthamus and Porophyllum. The genus Tridax and one or 
two additional tropical genera have not yet been reported but 
can reasonably be expected to occur in the Philippines. 
Keys for the tribes, genera and species are given. The 
bibliography for each species is complete as far as the 
Philippines is concerned, otherwise only the most important 
publications are cited. Nearly all the specimens in the 
herbarium of. the Bureau of Science are enumerated, and 
the types of the new species described are deposited in it. 
This family is by far the largest, one of the most 
distinctly natural and the most universally distributed of 
all Phaenogamous plants. Our most eminent synanther- 
* This article was prepared in the Bureau of Science of the Phil- 
ippine Government, Manila, P. I., and is here published with the 
consent of the director. 
