86 ; LEAFLETS OF PHILIPINE BOTANY [Vor. I, ART. $ 
VI. HELENIEAE. 
Bracts of the involucre dry and 
scarious. 
Vil. ANTHEMIDEAE. 
Braets of the involucre little if at all im- 
brieated, except when the broad outer 
ones overlap the inner. 
Vill. SENECIONEAE. 
Receptacle chaffy. 
V. HELIANTHEAE. 
Anther with elongated, cartilaginous mostly connate 
appendages at the tip. 
IX. CYNAREAE. 
Perfect flowers, or all, with bilabiate or unequally seg- 
mented corollas. 
X. MUTISIEAE. 
Flowers all ligulate. 
XI. CICHORIEAE. 
I. VERNONIEAE. 
Leaves usually alternate. Flowers never yellow. Heads 
with the flowers all similar and tubular. Anthers cleft at 
the base. Style arms subulate, hairy. 
Heads distinct, many flowered. 
Achenes 4 to 5-angled; pappus none. 
1. BTHULIA. 
Achenes 8-ribbed; pappus short, fugacious. 
2. CENTHRATHERUM. 
Achenes 10-ribbed; pappus long, copious. 
3. VERNONIA. 
Heads one or few flowered, crowded into dense masses. 
4. ELEPHANTOPHUS. 
