AvavusT 16, 1906] MANUAL OF THE PHILIPPINE COMPOSITAE 95 
DISTRIBUTION: 
Africa, tropical Asia, Japan and Australia. 
Luzon: 
Manila, October 1903, Merrill 3472. 
Manila, April 1902, Merrill 16. 
Lucena, Province of Tayabas, August 1904, Whitford 609. 
Bacolor, Province of Pampanga, May 1904, Parker 6. 
MINDANAO: 
Province of D&vao, April 1902, DeVore and Hoover 
204 and 268. 
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES. 
Vernonia andersoni Clarke. Reported by Villar Nov. App. 
114, 1880. This species should be excluded, as pointed out 
by Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21; 812, 1884. F. and- 
k ersoni Clarke, is a synonym of V. cumingiana Benth. a 
species based on material from Hongkong, having been named 
by Bentham on the erroneous assumption that the Hongkong 
: material was identical with specimens collected in the Phil- 
ippines by Cuming. 
Vernonia  pectiniformis DC. This British Indian species 
is credited to the Philippines by Villar Nov. App. 113, 1880, 
who states that he saw a living specimen on Mount Maquiling, 
Province of Laguna, Luzon. He undoubtedly observed a 
form of V. arborea Ham. It should be excluded from the 
Philippine flora at least for the present. 
Vernonia eupatorioides Blm. This Javanese species is 
credited to the Philippines by Villar Nov. App. 113, 1880, 
and should also be excluded, since it is not definitely known 
to occur in our Archipelago. 
4. ELEPHANTOPHUS LINN. 
Rigid perennial herbs with basal or alternate leaves, the 
heads axillary or terminal, 2 to 5-flowered. Involucre com- 
pressed, its chaffy bracts chiefly imbricated in 2 series, the 
bracts of the glomerules foliaceous; corolla nearly regular, 
