102 LEAFLETS OF PHILIPPINE BoTANY [Vor. I, Agr. 
dense mats; branches opposite, the younger ones covered 
with a reddish brown short but dense pubescence, termin- 
ated by broad corymbs. Leaves also opposite, the lower ones 
larger and subtending the branches, ovate, less than 8 cm. 
in length and 4 cm. in width, apex acute, base usually 
cordate or often only rounded, crenately toothed, 3 to 5- 
nerved from the base, the lower side short rufous brown 
pubescent, the upper surface less so and somewhat harsher; 
petiole usually 1 cm. long, densely rufous pubescent. Ped- 
uncles and pedicels of the inflorescence divaricate, subtended by 
pubescent scale like bracts, densely pubescent; heads glomerate, 
short pedicelled or subsessile, turbinate, 5 mm. long; bracts 
of the involucre scarious, straw colored, loosely spreading 
when mature, about 8 in number, linear lanceolate, 3-nerved, 
obtuse, very unequal in length, the lower ones rather thick 
and covered with a brown pubescence, the upper ones smooth 
and thinly margined; flowers 5, perfect and fertile, 2 cm. long 
including the slender arms; corolla funnel shaped, 4 mm. 
long, slightly inflated at the base, bearing short obtuse segments; 
the 5 stamens included; anthers 1.5 mm. long, linear, truncate 
at the base, bearing a hyaline triangularly obtuse apex; 
distinct filament thread like, inserted upon the middle of 
the corolla tube; style glabrous, base broadened, 8 mm. long, 
cleft clear to the middle; its arms narrowly ligulate, recurved, 
stigmatic upon the ventral faces; black achene 3 mm. in 
length, cylindrical or more tapering toward the base, 5-an- 
gled, the angles and the intervening sides sparsely tubercled; 
pappus 4 mm. long, numerous, yellowish white, obscurely 
scabrid, united at the base into a coma. 
Type specimen 139, D. Leroy Topping, Baguio, Province 
of Benguet, Luzon, January to February, 1903. Closely rel- 
ated to E. sambucifolium Elm. from Mount Santo Tomas of 
the same province. Along trails and in small low shrub- 
beries of the pine region at 1700 meters. Named after 
Mr. Topping who collected in addition to ferns, a number of 
other interesting Philippine plants. 
3. E. sambucifolium n. sp. A subscandant or creeping 
shrub; young branches soft, rubiginous pubescent, opposite or 
solitary by abortion. Leaves opposite, uppermost bract like, 
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