AvavusT 16, 1906] MANUAL OF THE PHILIPPINE COMPOSITAE 
App. 180, 1880.—A glabrous branched and climbing herb. 
Leaves short petioled, ovate lanceolate or elliptic, entire or 
remotely apiculate, membranous, conspicuously nerved, spar- 
sely pubescent beneath, without stipules. Racemes in terminal 
rounded clusters; peduncles not rigid, bearing solitary heads; 
bracts distinct, chartaceous, sharply acuminate, the basal ones 
short and spinescent, corollas purplish; pappus bristles scabrous, 
yellowish white, the basal series one third the length of the 
longer series, all subpersistent upon an expanded rim; achenes 
strigose. 
DISTRIBUTION: 
Siam and Java. 
MINDANAO: 
Todaya, Province of Davao, April 1904, Copeland 1258. 
51. EMILIA CASS. 
Annual or perennial herbs, glaucous, glabrous or hairy. 
Leaves radically crowded, entire, toothed or lyrately pin- 
natifid, the cauline stem clasping. Heads homogamous, long 
peduncled, solitary or loosely corymbose; involucre cylindric, 
without basal bracts; receptacle flat, naked; flowers yellow 
or red, all perfect, fertile tubular limb 5-toothed; tips of 
style arms short, obtuse or acute; achenes nearly terete, 
5-ribbed; pappus bristles soft and white. 
Hoffman in Die Naturlichen Pflantzenfamilien considers 
Emilia a section of Senecio, which portion however has 
heterogamous heads Emilia can be further distinguished 
from Gynura, its nearest ally, by the absence of basal 
bracts. 
Species 5; African and Asiatic. 
Lower leaves chiefly orbicular and entire. 
1. E. humifusa. 
Lower leaves chiefly lyrately lobed. 
2. E. sonchifolia. 
