AvgavusT 16, 1906] MANUAL OF THE PHILIPPINE COMPOSITAE 
Achenes beakless; ray flowers with yellow 
or white ligule or wanting. 
Style arms with short appendages; achenes 
usually 2 to 4-awned. 
40. BIDENS. 
Style arms with long appendages; achenes 
with 2 bristles. 
41, GLOSSOGYNE. 
Achenes beaked; ray flowers with purple or 
rose red ligules. 
42. COSMOS. 
27. ZINNIA LINN. 
Annual or perennial herbs, with sessile opposite or whorl- 
ed leaves. Heads heterogamous, with pistillate ligulate flow- 
ers; those of the disk tubular, 5-segmented, perfect; in- 
voluere imbricate, its bracts ovate to rotund, with blackish 
margins; receptacle subconical; ligule red or yellow, coriace- 
ous, reticulate, obovate, subpersistent; scales oblong, condup- 
licate, surrounding the disk flowers; cortex of achenes mem- 
branous, the outer ones triquetrous, the inner ones compressed 
with or without pappus awns. 
Species 12; in Arizona, Texas and especially in Mexico. 
1. Z. elegans Jacq. Coll. 3; 152, 1789. DC. Prod. 5; 
536, 1836. F. Vil. Nov. App. 117, 1880. —A much branched 
erect hirsute herb. Leaves sessile, cordately ovate. Heads 
upon elongated peduncles, solitary; involucre cylindrical, its 
bracts ovate, the upper ones with blackish margins; apex of 
scales pectinately fringed, acuminate; achene of the disk 
blunt or subbidentate. 
Of this species we have no specimens in hand, but 
Villar reported it from Luzon, Panay and Cebu. It is cul- 
tivated for ornamental purposes, and was probably intro- 
duced from Mexico. 
28. MELAMPODIUM LINN. 
Annual or perennial herb, rarely shrubby. Leaves opposite, 
often narrow, either entire, toothed or pinnatifid. Heads medium 
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