Avaust 16, 1906] MANUAL OF THE PHILIPPINE COMPOSITAE 
Antipolo, Province of Rizal, February 1903, Merrill 1346. 
Caloocan, Province of Rizal, November 1903, Merrill 3646. 
Bosoboso, Province of Rizal, September 1904, Forestry 
Bureau 1859. 
Atimonan, Province of Tayabas, August 1904, Mc- 
Gregory 59. 
LEYTE: 
Polo, January 1906, Elmer 7037. 
MINDANAO: 
Santa Cruz, Province of Davao, April 1903, DeVore and 
Hoover 234. 
IX. CYNAREAE. 
Leaves alternate, often spinose. Flowers all tubular. 
Involucral bracts many seriate, imbricate; tips scarious, spin- 
ose or foliaceous. Receptacle densely bristly or palaceous, 
rarely pitted. Corolla limb slender, deeply 5-fid. Anther 
cells tailed. Styles subentire, or arms short hairy or thick- 
ened towards the base. Achenes often hard. Pappus various, 
rarely none. : 
Pappus bristles plumose. 
54. CIRSIUM. 
Pappus usually paleaceous or none. 
: 55. CARTHAMUS. 
TA. 
54. CIRSIUM SCOP. 
Erect herbs, with alternate often decurrent toothed or 
spinescent leaves. Heads homogamous, solitary upon long 
peduncles or clustered and subsessile, discoid; tubular flowers 
5-cleft, purple, yellow or white, perfect and fertile, rarely 
dioecious; involuere ovoid or globose, its bracts imbricated 
in many series, unarmed and prickly tipped; receptacle flat 
or convex, bristly; anthers sagittate at the base; filaments 
pilose or rarely glabrous; style arms short or elongated, 
obtuse; achenes smooth or ribbed, compressed or angled, ob- 
~J 
