178 LEAFLETS or PHILIPPINE BOTANY (Vor. I, Arr. 7 
ovate or oblong; pappus of several series, plumose, minutely 
serrulate, connate at the base. 
Species 120; chiefly confined to the northern hemisphere. 
1. C. wallichi DC. Prod. 6; 643, 1837. Cnicus wal- 
lichit ( DC.) Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3; 363, 1881. Rolfe in Journ. 
Bot. 23; 214, 1885. Vid. Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. 164, 1886.  Ceron 
Cat. Pl. Herb. 104, 1892.—Erect, biennial, solitary or with 
` several stems from the base, 4 to 6 dm. high. Leaves lanceolate 
in outline, sinuately dissected, its lobes sharply spinescent, 
subglabrous above, woolly pubescent beneath, auriculate and 
clasping at base. Heads more or less crowded, upon bracteate 
peduncles, erect; bracts glabrous, dilated, acuminate, terminat- 
ing into a fine point; flowers dull white, thin and slender 
below the middle, the upper portion dilated; style entire, 
exceeding the stamens; achenes slightly compressed, smooth 
and glabrous; pappus easily detached, dirty white, plumose 
except at the scabrous thickened tips. 
Our specimen was collected in open lands of the 
pine region along dry grassy ridges at an altitude of 2,000 
meters. C. wallichii DC. was discovered in the cordilleras of 
the Nilgherry and Himalaya and may prove to be specifi- 
cally distinct from our species. 
Luzon: 
Mount Santo Tomas, Province of Benguet, May 1904, 
Elmer 6272. 
55. CARTHAMUS LINN. 
Thistle like herbs, with alternate rigid leaves. Heads 
usually homogamous; flowers all fertile, rarely pistillate or 
neuter, purplish or yellowish white; limb of perfect flowers 
dilated at base, 5-cleft; involucre ovoid, its bracts in many 
series, the outer foliaceous and toothed or spinescent, the 
inner dry and usually entire; receptacles flat, densely bristly; 
filaments usually hairy in the middle; anthers sagittate; 
auricles connate, tails short fimbriate; style arms long or 
short; achenes glabrous, obovoid, angled, with or without 
paleaceous pappus. 
Species about 20; mostly in the Mediterranean region. 
