Avaust 16, 1906] MANUAL OF THE PHILIPPINE COMPOSITAE 181 
Pappus bristle like. 
Achenes cylindric or contracted at both ends, beakless. 
58. LACTUCA. 
Achenes flattened. 
Achenes narrowed at the summit or beaked." 
59. CREPIS. 
Achenes truncate, not beaked. 
60. SONCHUS. 
57. CICHORIUM LINN. 
Branching perennial herbs, with basal and alternating 
leaves, those on the stem and branches usually very small 
and bract like. Heads homogamous, pedunculate or in ses- 
sile clusters along the branches; involucre in two series, the 
basal somewhat spreading, the inner erect and partly enclos- 
ing the achenes; flowers all ligulate, blue, purple or white; 
receptacle flattened, glabrous or fibrillose; bases of anthers 
sagittate; style arms slender, obtusish; achenes 5-angled, truncate 
pappus of 2 or 3 series of short blunt scales. 
Species 8; mostly natives of the Mediterranean region. 
l. C. intybus Linn. Sp. Pl. 813, 1753. DC. Prod. 7; 84, 
1839. Benth. Fl. Austr. 3; 680, 1866. F. Vil. Nov. App. 
120, 1880. Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3; 391, 1881. C. endivia 
Willd. in F. Vil. Nov. App. 120, 1880.—Perennial, from a 
fleshy tapering root. Stems mostly glabrous, grooved, with 
_ rigid spreading branches. Basal leaves spreading on the ground, 
runeinately pinnatifid; the cauline ones oblong, cordately 
clasping, subentire or toothed. Heads thickened about the 
middle, short pedunculate or in small subsessile clusters, 
numerously flowered; bracts herbaceous; ligules bright blue 
5-toothed, rarely white or pink; achenes angled, mottled; pap- 
pus very short. 
Villar reports to have seen this widely distributed plant 
cultivated in some of the Manila gardens. Its roots are 
often used as a part substitute for coffee. 
