. AvavusT 16, 1906) MANUAL OF THE PHILIPPINE COMPOSITAE 183 
mature, conspicuously l-nerved on each side, the edges wing- 
ed, roughened transversely; base of the beak black, upper 
portion dull white, bearing a cupular rim; pappus deciduous, 
capillary, white. 
DISTRIBUTION: 
Manchuria and Japan. 
LUZON: 
Los Baños, Province of Laguna, December 1903, Hallier. 
2. L. scariola Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2; 1119, 1763. DC. Prod. 
7; 137, 18389. F. Vil. Nov. App. 120, 1880. Hook. Fl. Brit. 
Ind. 3; 404, 1881.—A biennial, green and glaucous. Stem 
glabrous, stiff, leafy, widely branched. Leaves oblong or lan- 
ceolate, spinulose margined, denticulate or pinnatifid, sessile 
and auriculately clasping, thin, main nerves spinulose especially 
beneath. Heads upon whitish peduncles which are numerously 
set with cordate bracts; involucral bracts ovate, inner ones linear; 
flowers all ligulate, yellow or dull red on the outside; 
achenes pale or brownish, ribbed, bearing a very slender 
beak; pappus whitish. 
Of this Villar reports to have seen living plants in Luzon 
and Panay which is probably correct. 
DISTRIBUTION: 
Widely distributed over temperate and subtropical regions. 
3. L.thunbergiana (Gray) Maxime. in Bull. Acad. Petersb. 
19; 530, 1874. Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 18; Art. 8, 39, 
1904. L. luzonica Vid. Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. 165,1886. Ixeristhun- | 
bergiana Gray Bot. Jap.in Mem. Amer. Acad. 6; 397, 1852-54.—A 
biennial or perennial herb, with one or several glabrous stems 
from the root. Leaves mostly radical, subcoriaceous, un- 
dulately entire or obscurely lobed, margins remotely apiculate, 
lanceolate, long petiolate, at the base only obtuse or acuminate, 
glabrous on both sides, light colored beneath. Inflores- 
cence much branched, forming corymbose panicles; heads 
narrowly cylindric, upon slender ebracteolate peduncles; bracts 
all glabrous, in two series, the basal ones very short and 
narrow; flowers about 9, all ligulate, yellow; achenes brown, 
linear, little compressed, ribbed, base truncate, transverse mark- 
