= AvavsT 16, 1906] MANUAL or THE PHILIPPINE COMPOSITAE 185 
peduncles forming a sparse panicle; bracts 7 to 9, glabrous, 
scarious, slightly united at the base, subtended by a few 
broad basal ones; flowers about 14, ligulate and fertile; achene 
dark red, somewhat compressed not transversely rugose, scab- 
rous along the nerves, only slightly narrowed at both ends, 
apex with a small hyaline rim; pappus of fine hairs, easily 
detached. 
DISTRIBUTION: 
Japan, Australia and India. 
Luzon: 
Mount Arayat, Province of Pampanga, October 1904, 
Merrill 3922. 
Todaya, Province of Davao, October 1904, Copeland 10. 
60. SONCHUS LINN. 
Herbs, either annual or perennial, succulent with milky 
juice. Leaves mostly radical, dentately lobed and prickly 
margined, the cauline ones auricled and clasping. Heads 
homogamous, yellow, peduneulate, in corymbs or panicles; 
involucre ovoid, bracts imbricate in several series; receptacle 
flat, naked; ligules truncate, 5-toothed; anther bases sagittate; 
style branches slender; achene oblong, more or less flattened, 
10 to 20-ribbed, attenuate at the base, apex truncate; pappus 
of numerous soft white capillary bristles. 
Species 40 to 45; indigenous to the old world. 
1. S. oleraceus Linn. Sp. Pl. 794;1753. Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 
2; 112, 1856. Benth. Fl. Hongk. 194,1861: Fl. Austr. 3; 679,1866. 
Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. 3; 414,1881. Hayata in Journ. Coll. Sci. Tokyo 
18; Art. 8,41,1904.— Biennial, with one or more glaucous and 
glandular stems from the root. Leaves glabrous on both sides, 
bordered by irregular prickly teeth,either undivided or pinnatifid, 
lobes usually recurved and the terminal one triangular,the lower 
ones with winged petioles, the cauline ones sessile and clasp- 
ing, all with laciniately toothed stipules. Heads medium 
sized, upon stout peduncles, forming an irregular corymbose 
panicle; bracts glabrous, except the united base which is 
