74 CHARACTERS OF BRITISH PLANTS. 
Botany.—4. H. sylvaticum (Smith.) I am by no means satis- 
fied that the three last are distinct species. It is usual to 
refer Smith’s H. maculatum to his H. sylvaticum ; but I con- . 
sider the wild plant, with the numerous dark marks on its 
leaves, to be a form of H. murorum ; the figure in English 
Botany (2121) apparently representing a cultivated specimen 
with the form and number of leaves altered, as usual in garden 
plants of H. murorum. 
Crepis biennis (Linn.)—The chalk plants of the South of 
England appear to be the Borkhausia taraxacifolia. The 
Rev. A. Bloxam finds the Crepis biennis in plenty near Twy- 
cross in Leicestershire. It has a slender leafy stem, two or 
three feet high, and branched only near the top. The 
pappus is quite sessile. 
Senecio tenuifolius (Jacq.)—Leaves pinnatifid or bipin- 
natifid: the more divided leaves belonging especially to my 
North of England specimens (Newcastle and Richmond), in 
which also the leaves are less cottony. 
Gnaphalium supinum (Linn.) and G. pusillum — 
These are said to be distinguished by the caspitose growth 
and distant heads of the latter, contrasted against the “ not 
ecspitose" growth and the “heads aggregate terminal in a 
capitate spike” of the former. The common plant of the. 
Highland mountains is, therefore, G. pusillum ; but I possess 
Clova specimens in which the cespitose growth and aggre- 
gate heads are united on the same individual. 
Centaurea Calcitrapa (Linn.)—Heads terminal. The plant 
begins to flower when only two or three inches high, and the 
head or flower then terminates the growing stem. One or 
more branches proceed from the stem below the terminal 
head, elongate beyond it, and again terminate in heads. 
Secondary branches succeed in the same way from below 
the heads which terminate the first branches; and so on 
successive branches are produced until the plant has attained 
to a large bush-like tuft. Something of the same kind may 
be observed in Gnaphalium Germanicum and Nemophila in- 
