204 BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 



lacea, Crucifera, Portulacece, Onagrarieee, Rosacea, Polygo- 

 neee, Lysimachiece, Smilacece, Liliacece, Viola, Caryophyllea, 

 Amygdalece ; — of Composite^, the Inulece, Aster -ete, Anthemi- 

 dece, Cichoracece ; — also Irides, Cyperoidecs ; — of Graminea, 

 prevail Festucacea, and Avenacea, rarely Agrostideee. Fami- 

 lies with one representative only, are: Aroideae, Arum! — 

 Typha, Sparganium ! — Hordeacea, Elymus ! — Panicea, Beck- 

 mannia ! — Aristolachi®, Asarum ! Myrti, Philadelphus ! — 

 Linece, Linum ! — Berberides, Mahonia, very abundant ! — Lew- 

 isieee, Lewisia, very abundant ! — Malvacece, Sida I — Gera- 

 niacets, Geranium, very abundant ! — Lobeliacea, Clintonia I — 

 Loranthea, Arceuthobium ! — Acenee, Acer ! — Hypei'icine®, Hy- 

 pericum! — Marsileacece, Marsilea! — Plantaginece, Plantayo! — 

 Cinerocephala, Cncus ! — Grossularice, Ribes, very abundant ! 

 — Ambrosiacea, Ambrosia ! — Thymeleae, Comandra ! — San- 

 guisorbece, Poterium ! — Sempervivea, Sedum ! — No more 

 Eleagne®, and Atriplices !— No Solanea, Commelinece, Urti- 

 cece, and Fumariacece, nor any grasses of the remaining fami- 

 lies of the Graminece ! 



The bulk of the woods over the whole of Upper Oregon, 

 consists of the majestic and valuable Pinus ponderosa, attain- 

 ing an average height of 150 feet, and not seldom a trunk from 

 4 to 8 feet diameter, beautifully rounded and clothed with 

 reddish-brown bark; the wood is very durable and heavy on ac- 

 count of the great quantity of resin diffused through it ; hence 

 it is called " arbre de gomme, 3 ' by the Canadian voyageurs. 

 The leaves are long and thick, clustering together at the ends 

 of the branchlets ; the cones also appear often in bunches of 

 3-5, they are ovate, with a short recurved spine on the scales. 

 The Indians eat the seeds of this pine, but they are insipid, 

 even when roasted. Another Pinus of inferior stature, grow- 

 ing in small groves, comprises the whole of that genus over 

 that immense region. This species is called " Pinette noire, 

 by the Canadians, it never attains a greater height than 40 to 

 50 feet, and very rarely so much; it has a grayish-black and 

 coarse bark, thin branchlets ; the leaves are in pairs, short 

 and twisted; the cones small, and very seldom seen. This is 



