BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 289 



of the crests. Above we step again on a grassy but sloping 

 terrace ornamented with Espeletia helianthoides, the large- 

 flowered Phlox, Geranium 402, Gymnandra 230, Ferula 411 

 and Helianthus 34. At a distance we behold again pine- 

 openings, including meadows, elevated and dry. No great 

 variety of flowers marks these warm protected spots, but by 

 closer examination, we find here the pretty Idliacea, Calo- 

 chortus 299, very abundantly huddled in the thick grassy 

 tufts, sending up its solitary erect leaf. Orobus 312 grows 

 likewise here. From hence we direct our steps to a dense 

 young thicket of spruce, clothing a steep slope of the upper 

 part of the mountain, so dense that a bear would make a 

 circuit to avoid passing through it. Difficult as the passage 

 is, in the listless dark seclusion we find the elegant Calypso. 

 and at the same time with it Linmea borealis ; here also did I 

 find Goodyera 595, Epigaa repens, Chimaphila corymbosa, Ane- 

 mone 606, and Arctostaphylos uva ursi.* These young thickets 

 spring out of the remains of one of the forests of gigantic Pinus 

 ponderosa, which was destroyed by fire, and consist of two 

 or three species Abies, rubra ? nigra and balsamea, the latter 

 is seen only in moist places. On the somewhat level top of 

 the mountain grow again large pines, encircled with Populus 

 betulcefolia, Acer, Spireea aruefolia and Crataegus. With the 

 last named I found Ribes 293 growing, a shrub 8 — 10 feet 

 high, with handsome white conspicuous flowers, in deflexed 

 racemes. As I did not see it in another place I returned to 

 this spot to get seed, but was disappointed. The Indians 

 told me that it bore a reddish-brown berry. 



A view over this region from the top of one of these high 

 mountains is truly sublime. The Cceur d'Aleine River, a 

 placid deep stream, fringed with Poplar, Salix 636, 286 and 

 287, Crataegus and Cornus, divides the fertile valley, in its 



* A. uva ursi, Spr. fills the surface of about one third of the woods of 

 Upper and Lower Oregon. This is the famous tobacco ingredient, which 

 the Indians use, mixing the same with one and a half of tobacco, which 

 they get from the fur traders. For this purpose they select Buch as has 

 grown. 



