LEAFLETS OF PHILIPPINE BOTANY [Vor. TII, Arr, 45 
dual ascent along it to the locality known as Baclayan. I 
had a rest house built here in April, 1904, and a month 
or so later, Mujor Mearns, since Mr. Roosevelt’s companion in 
Africa, had a second house built beside it. Ferns and moss 
cover their ruins. The mossy forest extends hardly five hundred 
meters above Baclayan, and then merges through a belt of 
elfin wood which is moss-covered or not, according to its ex- 
posure into a heath which covers the summit. 
North of Todaya, and north-east of Apo is Mt. Calelan, a 
long-dead volcano, whose crater is probably about eight kilo- 
meter across, and at the nearest point about that distance 
from the summit of Apo. The points along its rim are two 
thousand and six hundred to two thousand and seven hundred 
and fifty meters high, and covered to the top with mossy 
forest. Apo itself is not a voleano. 
The climate hardly changes in this region, in the mossy 
forest practically not at all. Above it, near the summit of 
Apo, I have found the blueberry bushes full of flower and 
of fruit in April and in October. In the low country the 
conditions are not so uniform, but even here a really dry season 
is rare. I have never spent a day at or above Todaya with- 
out rain. 
Every botanical collector knows that he can make his 
richest collections on and about high. mountains. Being the 
highest point in the Philippines, Apo has received several 
visits. The first of these was by Koch and Schadenberg, in 
1882. Montano, with an official party, undertook an ascent 
two years ealier, but probably did not reach the summit, and 
seems to have collected no plants. The first considerable 
cellections in the neighborhood were made by Warburg, using 
Santa Cruz as a base. His mountain plants come from ‘‘Mt. 
Dagatpan," which I believe, but do not know, to be a spur 
. of Apo, which ends in a sharp peak, about nine hundred 
meter high, near the coast. In 1908, a brief trip was made by 
two teachers, DeVore and Hoover, collecting plants for the 
St. Louis exposition. The writer spent two weeks in April, 
1904, and again in October of the same year, at Todaya and 
in eamp in the mossy forest at Baclayan, visiting the summit 
three times. On the second of these trips, the whole time 
was devoted to ferns. Dr. Mearns has made fine fern collec- 
