LEAFLETS OF PHILIPPINE BOTANY 
EDITED BY A. D. E. ELMER, A. M. 
" 
Vol. IH. Manila, P. I., December 27, 1910. Art. 52 
THE OAKS OF MOUNT APO* 
BY 
A. D. E. Elmer 
—0— 
The oaks in the vicinity of mount Apo have ar alti- 
tudinal range of at least 6000 feet—1000 to 7000—and extend 
from the hill forests, through the rainy forests into the mossy 
forests. These altitudinal ranges may be designated approximate- 
ly as follows: hill forests from 1000 to 3000 feet; rainy forests 
from 3000 to 4750 feet; and mossy forests from 4750 to 7500 
feet. The oak species in the hill forests confine themselves to 
wooded ravines along rivulets—seeking cool moist places. 
Those in the mossy forests were usually found on ridges or 
in other well drained soil—avoiding the extremely wet soil on 
the one hand and the powerful winds on the other and 
at the same time reaching out for as much light as pos- 
sible. The greatest development then is in a region where 
it is cool or temperate, with sufficiently but not too moist 
soil, enough of light or at least where they have an equal 
chance with other forest trees and where they are more or 
less sheltered from heavy or destructive storms. Such an 
ideal place is the great mount Apo heavily forested rainy basin. 
* All my material was submitted to the late Dr. Otto ron Seeman 
for determination. Just as he had decided upon the species and was 
preparing them for publication, he died. It is therefore with a touching 
feeling of regret that I learn of his death while this article was in his 
bands for preparation. 
