936 LEAFLETS OF PHILIPPINE BoTANY [Vor. III, Arr. 52 
in fruit. I regret very much not having succeeded in - find- 
ing them all in flower, in all of these months, and, what is 
more important, in full grown mature fruit. These eighteen 
species of oaks represent the local oak flora of only the 
southeastern quadrant of mount Apo, and equal in number 
all other known species in the Philippine Islands. 
CASTANOPSIS Spach. 
Castanopsis javanica A. DC. 
Field-note for 11269:—Large widely spreading tree, 70 or 
more feet high, with a 4 feet thick stem, in dense forests at 3000 
feet; main branches above the middle, crookedly rebranched; 
leaves chartaceous, mainly horizontally spreading, with recurved 
tips, shallowly conduplicate on the rich green upper surface, cop- 
per brown or yellowish so beneath, lucid above; bark quite rough, 
yellowish; wood hard, brown except the whitish sapwood, odorless 
and with a slight bitter taste; fruits upon 6 to 10 inches long 
spikes, arising from the ends of the twigs, usually only a few 
from the same place; burrs spinescent, the sharp spines varying 
from 0.25 to 0.75 inch long or longer, yellowish green, 
containing 3 seeds. ‘‘Cahau-ta-Ulayan’’ is the Bagobo name. 
Represented by numbers 10579 in flower and 11269 in 
fruit, Elmer, Todaya (Mt. Apo), Mindanao, May and August 
respectively, 1909. 
Castanopsis sumatrana A. DC. 
Field-note for 11315:—Tall tree, 60 or more feet high, 
in damp humid forests at 4000 feet, south of the Sibulan 
river; stem 3.5 feet thick, branched above the middle; the 
branches widely spreading, rather crookedly rebranched; twigs 
smooth, brown, rather bendable, suberect; wood hard, dull 
brown toward the center, with a sourish odor and distinctly 
bitterish; old bark brown, scaling in plates, on the branches 
smooth and grayish; leaves coriaceous, shining on the upper 
darker green and conduplicate surface, recurved especially 
toward the apex; infrutescence upon erect or ascending stalks, 
1 to 6 inches long, 1 to 3-clustered at the terminal portion 
