292 BOTANY, ETC., OF THE 
Hence it follows, that, to speak in round numbers, we find on the 
eastern coast of America, ine lat. 45°, the same mean annual tempera- 
ture as on the western shore of the Baltic in lat. 60°, with a co- 
incidence scarcely less remarkable in the heat of the other four 
epochs. 
Advancing still further north along the east coast, the climate 
becomes rapidly worse, and at St. John’s, Newfoundland, lat. 47° 34’, 
west long. 52° 38’, the mean temperature for eight years, by a set of 
observations in my possession, made with great apparent care, is only 
39° 29', or about a degree above that of St. Petersburg, whilst the 
mean of summer is considerably below that of the same season in 
Edinburgh, lat. 55? 56', as will be evident from the following results 
from Mahlmann’s tables, and which nearly coincide with those just 
mentioned. 
. : » aa ES 
gg Fi | P B | ë | $a | 38 
45 B Bo] Bo dE 3 
nx WS T E B I1 
t. goln's........ 38°30 | 31°64 53°90 43°70 23°18 57:92 20°84 
Edinburgh. ....... 47:48 45°68 57°92 48°02 38°48 59°00 37°22 
A more wretched climate than this of the southernmost part of New- 
foundland could hardly be conceived to exist in so low a latitude (that 
of the south coast of Brittany), being, in fact, but little better than at 
Reikiavig in Iceland, lat. 64°, the winter at St. John’s being more 
severe, and the summer scarcely at all warmer than at that place. 
The quantity of ice I remarked lying unmelted on the shore of this 
inhospitable island, near Cape Race, in the middle of July, speaks, as 
forcibly as any register can do, of the low temperature there pre- 
vailing. 
Many other proofs, besides those given above, might be adduced, to 
show, that beyond a certain point the summiers of America, towards 
its eastern side at least, are less warm than in Europe under like 
parallels ; that the heat is also less prolonged, and frequently inter- 
rupted by cold rains and night frosts; that the springs are as late as 
in the north of Europe, but the autumns longer and drier,—which sea- - 
son is, indeed, for the most part, as with us, the steadiest and most 
. agreeable of the year in America. 
With such a rapid deterioration of climate as these tables demon- 
strate to take place betwixt the parallels of 40° and 45°, both in the 
d 
