OR COCCUS, OF THE COFFEE-PLANT. 355 
case by which it was covered. All its organs have then attained their 
full size. The head is of a somewhat globular form, with two rather 
prominent black eyes in front, and two long antennz, each with eleven 
joints, hairy throughout, and with a tuft of a few longer hairs at their 
apices. The legs are also hairy. The wings are horizontal, of an 
obovate-oblong shape, membranous, and a little longer than the bristles 
of the tail. They have only two nerves, neither of which reaches so far 
as the tips. One of them runs close to the external margin, and is 
much thicker than the other, which runs at some distance from the in- 
ternal margin. Being possessed of wings, the full-grown male is much 
less seldom seen on the Coffee-bushes than the female. 
The female, like the male, attaches herself to the surface of the 
plant, the place selected being usually the young shoots; but she is also 
to be met with on the margins of the under-side of the leaves. On the 
upper surface neither male nor female can attach themselves. But 
unlike the male, which derives no nourishment from the juices of the 
plant, the female, as soon as she has fixed herself, punctures the cuticle 
with a proboscis on her chest, by which she abstracts the juices 
that nourish her. In the early pupa state of the female, she is easily 
distinguished from the male by being more elliptical and much more 
convex. 
As she increases in size, the skin extends and becomes smooth and 
dry, the rings of the body are effaced, and, losing entirely the form 
of an insect, she has for some time a yellowish pustular-like shape, 
but ultimately assumes a roundish-conical form, and a dark brown 
colour, until she has reached nearly the full size. She still possesses 
the power of locomotion, and her six feet are easily distinguishable 
On the under surface of her corpulent body; but at no period of her 
existence has she wings. 
It is about the period of attaining her full size that impregnation 
takes place; after which the scale becomes somewhat more conical, 
assumes a darker colour, and becomes permanently fixed to the surface 
of the plant by means of a cottony substance interposed between it 
and the cuticle to which it adheres. " 
The scale, when full grown, exactly resembles, in miniature, the hat 
of a Cornish miner, there being a narrow rim at the base, which gives 
increased surface for attachment. It is about one line and a half in 
diameter, by about one line deep, and appears perfectly smooth to the 
222 
