ON THE STRUCTURE OF CRUCIFEROUS FLOWERS. T 
5. Finally, certain Cruciferæ, instead of returning to the quater- 
nary type, recede from it. Their single stamens undergo a change 
analogous or very similar to that of the double pair. One of us 
has observed flowers of Matthiola incana, in which the single 
stamens were cleft throughout their entire length, each portion 
being provided with half an anther and half a filament.* M. 
Lestiboudois speaks of a Cheiranthus Cheiri in which these 
stamens were completely geminated, not laterally as the longer pair, 
but from without inwards.t M. Seringe met with a flower of the 
same species (var. grandiflora) which had the lower stamens 
* dédoublées exactement comme les supérieures." 
It has been objected to this theory, as applied to the andreeceum 
of the Cruciferæ, that if the double stamens owed their origin to 
this kind of gemination or multiplication, they ought to have each 
a single, and not a double anther. 
This objection is easily refuted. There are two kinds of multi- 
plication or dédoublement. Tn the first the organ separates itself 
into two or several parts, the half, the third, or the quarter of the 
original: in the second this same division takes place, but accom- 
panied with the reproduction of new parts, so that the original 
organ is represented by several organs which more or less resemble 
it. The first is a commencement of multiplication, the second is 
what is properly called mztiplication.|| Thus in the family of the 
Polygaleæ we find the Krameria provided with four bilocular an- 
thers, having a terminal dehiscence ;§ whilst the true Polygalas —— 
have eight stamens with unilocular anthers opening likewise at 
their summit: these eight half stamens are arranged two and two - 
together, and each pair evidently occupies the place of one of the 
. bilocular stamens of Krameria.§ In this case the organ is cleft — : 
longitudinally, but the multiplication is imperfect. If, however, 
. we examine the genus Phytolacca or Hypericum ; in both we © 
meet with fascicles or phalanzes of stamens in the pu where one - 
* Elém. de Térat. Vég. p. 297. 
+ Sur P insert des étamines des Crucifères, p. 6. 
t Bull. bot. 1830, p. 112. | Elém. de Terat. végét. p. 388. 
.. § The fifth stamen is represented by a gland. 
ie 4 Teil ies rebel a ene. 
