BOTANICAL INFORMATION. 371 
diversified country. We passed some pretty villages before 
reaching the Pine district, which had all the main features of the 
same tracts in the southern States, a dead level of deep sand, 
over, or rather through which our vehicle wended its way noise- 
 lessly and without impediment, save from occasional contact with 
the stump of some tree or bush. As we advanced, the ground 
became more marshy, and the road, which in many places was 
very tolerable, ran for miles betwixt swamps, that were, in some 
parts, under water, from the abundant rain which had fallen a 
few weeks before. Sluggish streams, or “creeks,” of the colour 
of tea or brandy, from vegetable impregnation, with rough bridges 
of planks thrown across them, intersected our road which was 
bounded in many places by drains or trenches prolific in aquatic 
. plants. In the drier parts, the prevailing, and indeed predomi- 
nant tree was the Scrub or Jersey Pine, Pinus inops, an ugly, 
nearly worthless species, with a stunted, impoverished aspect, like 
starved Scotch Firs, of no value as timber and not much esteemed 
for firewood. I find no mention in my notes of any other Pine 
having been seen, though such may have escaped my observation. 
When the Pines are cut down to clear the ground, or to be used, 
as they often are, for fuel in the glass and ironworks of the 
neighbourhood, they are invariably succeeded by a growth of 
oaks, chiefly of the following kinds; Black Oak (Quereus tine- 
toria), Swamp Chestnut Oak (Q. Prinos), Yellow Oak (Q. Castanea), 
Barren White, or Post Oak (Q. oëtusiloba), Black Scrub, or Bear 
Oak (Q. Banisteri), and Black Jack, (Q. nigra, Q. ferru- 
ginea, Mx.) Of these, the last named species appears for the 
first time in New Jersey and ‘the adjacent parts of Pennsylvania, 
in both which States its boundary, northwards, seems to be on 
the line of Lat. 40° as nearly as possible. Below this parallel it 
is common, and is greatly multiplied in all the southern States, 
preferring a dry, sandy, or stony soil, and though naturally only 
of moderate dimensions, attains a far greater height and bulk in 
_those lower than these higher latitudes. Here the trees, though 
numerous, scarcely exceeded twenty feet, and were for the most 
part much under that height, with an irregular growth, and 
. 
