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and there are neither Firs, Dates, nor Sal; but Citrus, Bassia, 
Bauhinia, Phyllanthus, Ficus continue to the ridge, immediately 
over which Firs, &c. commence again. 
“The hills hereabouts are universally terraced where there is 
soil, the terraces rising over one another like steps of a stair, 
and of more or less breadth, according to the angle which 
the hill-side makes with the horizon; the agriculture is, con- 
cisely, as follows :—Wheat and Barley are sown in November 
and reaped in May and June; Rice, (both on dry and 
irrigated fields,) Buckwheat, and several small grains; as Cyno- 
surus and such grasses, Turmeric, Pulse of various sorts, Sesa- 
mum, and Maize, are sown in June, and gathered in Septem- 
ber and October; also, as vegetables, Cucumbers of various 
sorts, Potatoe, Capsicum, Tobacco, Amaranthus, and Arum. 
The cultivation, of course, varies according to the elevation, 
some high villages grow quantities of fine Hemp, for making 
bags, in which borax, grain, and goods of all kinds are car- 
ried. Plantains, Sugar-cane, and Ginger, do not grow near this 
place, but are abundant in the lower warm districts, where, 
too, Lemons and Mangoes arefound growing wild, and Oranges, 
if planted. Manure is universally used in the in-lying 
fields (those near villages); by the liberal use of it at each 
sowing, two crops are obtained annually ; straw, leaves, grass, 
ferns, &c. are used to litter the cows and buffaloes to produce 
the dung; and when the turn comes for the out-lying fields, 
(I thus term patches of good soil cleared and. cultivated 
now and then in the jungles,) the cattle are stationed near 
them for a time till a sufficiency of dung be collected; these 
fallow fields are turned over with a pick-axe-shaped hoe, 
some months before ploughing-time; and when the turfs are 
dry they are collected into little za man: verge due 
ashes are spread before ploughing. 
“The woods around us are Spasi; ica ikai 
magnificent tree, Rhododendron arboreum. The splendour of 
the forests above, in March and April, owing to this beautiful 
tree, is quite indescribable. Oak of three species occurs, (or 
perhaps only varieties of Q. Jlex;) large patches are covered 
by groves of Deodar, (Pinus Deodora,) and where these are 
